Courtelaney Pass is a mid-sized municipality in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 80,000 residents made up of: 55% white, 38% black, and 7% Hispanic. The primary industry is agricultural and industrial with the unemployment rate at 8.7%. By national standards the city would be considered “blue collar” with a median household income of $38,000. The school system remains troubled as the drop-out rate is high and, other than the elementary schools, the middle and high schools have perpetual “D” ratings. There is a great deal of “southern pride” evident in this community as confederate flags are frequently flown and unfortunately, the fledgling local KKK is attempting to revitalize itself.

 Two out of the five city council members are considered “good old boys” that are satisfied with the status quo and are apathetic towards the civil unrest that has been percolating in the black community. Within the past twelve months there have been protests in the black community that have steadily been growing. Those residents complain that policing is biased against them and that unnecessary and excessive force is commonplace; especially amongst young black males. Due to recent nationwide events surrounding similar claims, the national media is paying particular attention to Courtelaney Pass.

 The police department is appropriately sized to police this jurisdiction. The chief is a 42-year-old white male who has been with the department for twenty years working his way up the ranks. He has no college degree but is working towards it via on-line classes. The demographics of the agency do not mirror the community as 94% of the department is white. The only minorities in the agency work in non-sworn support roles. The chief claims that he is attempting to attract minority applicants but the majority of those interested cannot pass the entrance exam. He claims that those who can pass end up going to work for the state police instead where the salary is $12,000 per year more.

Questionable Enforcement Tactics?

 There are eight major intersections in Courtelaney Pass (CP) and each is equipped with intersection cameras. As municipalities that employ such devices share the revenue from fines with the manufacturer, the city averages $2.1 million dollars per year in revenue from these fines. The constitutionality of this practice is highly debated, and public support is low according to recent surveys. A local “action group” has filed a lawsuit against the city in an attempt to remove these cameras; this lawsuit is pending a court date. A recent study conducted by a local CP reporter indicated that per capita, the revenue generated for the city is twice as high as any similarly situated city in the state that utilizes these cameras. The reporter also alluded to the fact (not substantiated yet) that black residents are twice as likely as whites to be ticketed for intersection violations.

Courtelaney Pass is listed by AAA as the “Biggest Speed Trap in the South” as a major highway runs north to south through the town. Particularly, the speed limit reduces from 55 mph to 35 mph in a 50-yard stretch of road and consistently a police officer is running radar (in a concealed fashion) at the 35-mph speed sign. The CP reporter has also written that blacks and out of town travelers passing through receive 87% of the speeding tickets. This statement is backed up by the reporter’s study of statistics from the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. The reporter has also spoken to former officers (off the record) who report that the Chief of Police mandates that each officer issue at least 12 citations per shift. It is common that most traffic enforcers allow a motorist 10 mph over the posted limit, but during a recent interview with the chief he has stated that he has a “zero tolerance for speed, as it kills” so he instructs his officers to issue tickets for 5 mph over the limit. The chief would not comment on the 12-citation minimum per shift policy.

 As Courtelaney Pass has recently seen its violent crime rate soar by 35%, the chief believes that this is due to the proliferation of street drugs being sold in open air, drive up, drug markets. These “markets” are located on the southern edge of the city where the majority of the population is minority. The CP Police Narcotics Unit conducts regular and aggressive enforcement actions including crack cocaine search warrants and reverse sales operations wherein undercover officers pose as drug sellers and customers are arrested for purchasing. During one of these operations, a shooting occurred wherein a known dealer shot at the undercover officer who returned fire, killing the dealer. The ensuing internal affairs investigation cleared the officer and the day that this report was made public, rioting erupted in the minority community. This unrest actually spilled over into the down- town area requiring the chief of police to call in re-enforcements from neighboring agencies and the state police. As a result, 13 businesses were badly damaged, 8 officers injured, and 112 rioters and looters were arrested. The minority community has warned that if relations do not immediately improve with the police that more unrest was certain. After this shooting incident and subsequent riots, the chief has suspended all narcotic enforcement actions in the area.

Political Influences

 The 5,600 Hispanic residents are counted only as those who responded to the census or were property owners. It is estimated that an additional 5,000 + undocumented immigrants also call Courtelaney Pass home. The majorities of these folks work in the immense strawberry fields and orange groves and are paid $5.00 per hour in cash (off the books). It is very common for these migrants to be the victims of home invasion robberies on pay day. Local drug dealers and MS13 gangsters kick in their doors, take their hard-earned cash, and occasionally even rape their wives. The CP Police Sergeant that oversees street crimes reports that these migrants are easy prey as they will not report these crimes to the police for fear of being deported. The sergeant addressed this issue at a city council meeting where no words of wisdom were offered to him. At the conclusion of the meeting, in the parking lot, a white city councilman told the sergeant “I couldn’t care less what happens to those people…. they don’t vote!!!”

More Revelations

 4 years ago, Kayla Williams disappeared from her bedroom. Kayla, a 9-year-old African American child was sleeping in her bed in a very small bedroom with no air-conditioning so, as typical, her window was open. Her mother found her bed empty the next morning and frantically called the police. The responding officer from Courtelaney Pass Police Department downplayed the mother’s fears by stating that Kayla probably ran away. The officer told her to call back if Kayla did not come home by the next day and left without documenting the incident. The horrified mother spoke with her father who told her that the police would not help them as they are “the wrong color” and they must help themselves. The family and friends convened a search party and two days later found Kayla’s body in a cypress swamp bordering Lake Diemer. She was wearing her night shirt, no panties, and there were no visible signs of trauma or injury. 

 The police were summoned to the scene and two officers responded. Upon viewing her body, which laid on its back almost in a peaceful sleeping position, the officers notified the forensics unit and one technician came to the scene. The body was photographed, and the area was searched for any sign of evidence. Numerous footprints, large and small, were detected in the immediate area which was no surprise; the area is a favorite fishing spot. Most of the footprints were photographed, but plaster casts were not made. Kayla’s ripped panties were discovered on the leaf covered trail that leads to the water’s edge. The medical examiner responded to the scene and removed the body. The following day, Det. Singer attended the autopsy which was to be performed by Dr. Elmer Clausen, a lifelong resident of CP. Det. Singer was surprised that the doctor did not perform a full autopsy wherein the body cavity was opened, and internal organs examined, nor did he perform a sexual assault examination. When asked by Det. Singer, the doctor stated that he had already “surmised” that she had died as a result of a snake bite, probably from a water moccasin. He pointed out two small puncture type wounds on the back side of Kayla’s right thigh. He promised Singer that toxicology would support his belief. When Singer questioned him about the ripped panties, he replied “That’s your job; there is a scratch by her upper thigh that looks like a tree branch hit her, it probably ripped her panties and they fell off”. When Det. Singer reported this to his Sergeant, he was told that there is no fighting Dr. Clausen…. historically what he says goes!! Kayla Williams “official” cause of death was snake venom poisoning, even though the toxicological results were still pending, and she was buried the following week.

 The black community was outraged at what it deemed an insufficient investigation due to the fact that Kayla, and her family, was poor and black. Det. Singer, who was relatively new to the police department and area, was invited to lunch with a reporter from the Courtelaney Journal. The reporter told Singer that this was not the first time a young minority girl had been found dead under suspicious circumstances in Courtelaney. During the past seven years, three other pre-teens, two Hispanic, one black, were discovered “missing” from their bedrooms and later their bodies were discovered in wooded areas. Reportedly, none had obvious signs of trauma and all were deemed “Death by Non-Homicide” by Dr. Clausen.

 Very recently, retired CP police Detective Sid Throtmorten became terminally ill and called for his best friend and local plumber Tom Johnson to come to his bedside. Sid, knowing that he was hours away from death told Tom that he had to make something right before he died. He asked Tom if Tom remember Officer Iozzi who worked for the agency for ten years before being fired for gross insubordination. Tom vaguely recalled Iozzi. Throtmorten told Tom that Iozzi was attracted to young girls and that he had raped and killed that “little Kayla girl”. He further advised that Iozzi, also a former police defensive tactics instructor, bragged that by utilizing a “carotid choke hold” he could kill someone without leaving marks on the victim’s neck. Just before dying, Throtmorten also reported that other officers, still with the agency, are aware of what Iozzi did. After being terminated from the department, Iozzi moved to Idaho. Tom reported this revelation to Det. Singer.

 One month ago, as a result of continual racial tensions and allegations of corruption, the Chief of Police resigned under pressure. Governor Neely has installed an interim Chief of Police to heal the community, examine and evaluate policy, practices, and procedures, and restore the faith and trust of the people. He also appointed a Special Prosecutor to examine all things of legal relevance to the issues in this community. The Special Prosecutor must evaluate civil and criminal issues pertaining to the governance of Courtelaney Pass and utilize his/her legal power as needed to issue subpoenas, search/arrest warrants, etc. The Interim Chief of Police has brought with him/her a special investigator who will hold the rank of Captain of Investigations. This individual will evaluate, examine, lead, and investigate all issues pertaining to criminal acts. 

Instructions: After carefully reading and studying this situational report, contemplate which of these three roles/tracks you wish to assume for your senior project:

Chief of Police- You have full authority to examine all policies and practices within the agency. As such, you can make policy, dispose of bad policy, and address employment and hiring concerns. You will be responsible to effectively deal with the racial unrest and identify its core. You have the power to hire, fire, demote, and/or promote. 

Special Prosecutor- Your role is to examine, evaluate, and act upon any and all legal issues, civil and criminal, that may arise from your research and investigation. This includes hiring practices, enforcement techniques and strategies, issues relative to discrimination, excessive force, and evidence handling issues. You can issue subpoenas, search and arrest warrants, wire-tap orders, and any and all other legal tactics available. You would also serve as the prosecutor for any arrests made under this inquiry.

Captain of Investigations- Lead, and participate in, all criminal and forensic investigations and issues that arise from the situational report. Suspect identification, location, arrest, forensic analysis, setting strategies for needed criminal investigations, and execution of search warrants, arrest warrants, etc. are some of the typical duties involved.

Research and Investigative Issues Paper: From the situational report, comprise a list of concerns and issues that are relative to your position. Hint: There are a least a half dozen issues and concerns for each position. You must articulate why your issue is a concern and not simply list it without explanation. For example: Do not simply list “Ticket Quotas”. If you feel this is an issue, explain why you feel ticket quotas may be problematic for the city. List those issues very specifically as this will be the launch pad for your over-all inquiry. This is due in Module 2.

Annotated Bibliography: Utilizing the Saint Leo Library and any other supplemental resources, locate at least ten (10) peer reviewed articles regarding your inquiry. During this assignment you will have the opportunity to examine what the experts have researched, studied, and written about in your specific discipline. There is a plethora of articles related to civil and criminal law, as well as case law, leadership issues regarding hiring, promotion, anti-discrimination, civil unrest, forensic science, DNA analysis, exhumation procedures, etc. Your assignment requires 10 annotated bibliographies relative to your situation report position. This is due in Module 3.

Literature Review: Utilizing your annotated bibliography, create a brief literature review that synthesizes what you have learned from your research. Your literature review will be 500 words. This is due in Module 4.

Preliminary Report – Executive Summary: Create an executive summary for the Governor. In this summary, you will synopsize what you have determined and accomplished thus far and what you anticipate discovering and accomplishing in the future. Remember, the Governor is counting on you to execute your duties with precision. Your executive summary will be 500 words. This is due in Module 5.

Formal Presentation: You will be reporting to the Governor all of your findings, actions, and remedies during this PowerPoint presentation. It is vitally important to focus on issues that you identified and why/how you dealt with those issues. Your presentation must be professionally presented with appropriate transitions, animations, video (if utilized), notes from interviews you may have had with real-life experts, and highly detailed with specificity. This will be an in-class presentation and you should have 10 slides. The draft of this is due in Module 7 (6 slides) and the final version is due in Module 8 (10 slides).

OUTLINE

1. A Catchy Title (not the title of the work you are analyzing but it can be a part of your title)

• Introduction: the opening paragraph.  The introduction should include the following:
  • Hook, Author, Title, A Short Summary, Thesis

Hook: The beginning sentences of the introduction that catch the reader’s interest.  Ways of beginning creatively include the following: 

• A startling fact or bit of information 
  • A meaningful quotation (from the work or another source)
  • A rich, vivid description 
  • An analogy or metaphor 
  • Introductions should identify the work of literature being discussed, name of the author, and summary of the work (2-3 sentences).
  • Thesis – what the author reveals about some aspect of the human experience

• Body: The body of your paper should logically and fully develop and support your thesis. 
  • Each body paragraph should focus on one main idea that supports your thesis statement.
  • Paragraphs include:

i. A topic sentence – a topic sentence states the main point of a paragraph: it serves as a mini-thesis for the paragraph. You might think of it as a signpost for your readers—or a headline—something that alerts them to the most important, interpretive points in your essay. It might be helpful to think of a topic sentence as working in two directions simultaneously. It relates the paragraph to the essay’s thesis, and thereby acts as a signpost for the argument of the paper as a whole, but it also defines the scope of the paragraph itself.

ii. Context for the quote (what is happening in that scene)

1. Quote/Concrete details – specific example/s from the work to provide evidence for your topic sentence/supports thesis.   
2. Explanation –  interpretation of the concrete detail/s.
3. Repeat – Quote (should be 2-3 per paragraph)   
4. Clincher/Concluding Sentence – last sentence of the body paragraph.  It concludes the paragraph by tying everything together (explains)

4. Conclusion: the last paragraph where you are given one last chance to convince the reader of your argument and provide a sense of closure.

1. Summarize your argument – thesis and main points
2. A sophisticated conclusion does not simply restate the thesis of the introduction or summarize the logic presented in the body of the essay. Your conclusion, most often, will try to suggest the broader significance of your discussion – why is it important?

Adapted from amundsenhs.org/

Research proper presentation formats and techniques in physical and virtual environments, and then complete the following: Assess the components of a highly effective persuasive presentation. Evaluate the importance of each of the components that are required to craft a persuasive presentation. Compare the key presentation skills in a virtual versus a physical setting. Part Two: Examples of Highly Effective Presentations Using the information that you learned from Part 1, locate an example of a great persuasive virtual presentation as well as an example of a great physical persuasive presentation, and then address the following: Assess the components of the virtual presentation that align with the criteria that makes a highly effective persuasive presentation. Assess the components of the physical presentation that align with the criteria that makes a highly effective persuasive presentation. Describe what is missing from the virtual and physical presentations that would put it over the top in terms of a highly effective persuasive presentation. The Effective Presentations presentation, Must be five double-spaced slides plus the title and references slides and formatted according to APA Style (Links to an external site.) as outlined in the Writing Center’s How to Make a PowerPoint Presentation (Links to an external site.) and Presentations (Links to an external site.) resources. Must include a separate title slide with the following: Title of project in bold font Space should appear between the title and the rest of the information on the title page. Student’s name Name of institution Course name and number Instructor’s name Due date Must utilize academic voice. See the Academic Voice (Links to an external site.) resource for additional guidance. Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper. For assistance on writing Introductions & Conclusions (Links to an external site.) as well as Writing a Thesis Statement (Links to an external site.), refer to the Writing Center resources. Must use at least three credible sources in addition to the course text. The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.) table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment. To assist you in completing the research required for this assignment

3 experiments were conducted and methods are written up. Experiments conducted were to assess whether spraying dsRNA can silence a target gene and affect aphid movement and reproduction. Experiment 1: aphids sprayed while on plants. Experiment 2: aphids feeding on sprayed plants. Experiment 3: aphids alone were sprayed and then transferred to the plant to feed for 14 days. One aphid life cycle is completed in 14 days, so reproduction was assessed after 14 day period. Nanoparticles were bound to dsRNA to see if it would improve the delivery to the plants and aphids, and improve the efficacy of treatments. To summarise the results, there was a stronger effect on movement than reproduction in all tested conditions. No improved effect observed with nanoparticle-bound dsRNA. I have attached a draft (which contains all sections) with feedback to help, a lot may seem repetitive. Please re-write concisely and professionally. Need help with statistical analysis, may need to be re-done (Fisher’s exact/chi squared test when comparing number of aphids for reproduction or number of dead aphids etc. highlighted in the document). Please do stats analysis where required even if I have not analysed. Please note that I’ve attached an excel file with all the data and one-way ANOVA and t-test results. Post-hoc Tukey’s test results were done on an online platform, not present here, might need to be re-done. Graphs already done. I will edit that myself, please use that for reference when writing results. Some graphs may present the same results in different ways (e.g. 4.11 and 4.12). However, please note comment on figure 4.10. Wouldn’t mind some guidance/ideas with compiling graphs 4.8 to 4.10 together. I will be requesting an additional chapter (final discussion for the whole of the thesis) to be completed after this order has been done, would like for the same writer to work on it, thank you.

The essay is a comparative analysis. You will compare the processes used to change the Army during the post-Vietnam timeframe to the processes used today. Use one of the Big 5 from your readings as the basis to conduct the comparison. JCIDS, DAS, PPBE, TAA, TAP, etc. did not exist during the post-Vietnam era. So how did the Army make decisions and how is that different than today? Why does it matter? This is not a history paper of what happened in the past, nor is it a paper that acts like the current processes were used in the past. It is a comparative analysis. How did the Army decide what strategic changes needed to take place? How was it different than what happens today? What is your analysis of this difference/these differences? The preceding is an example for looking at strategic guidance. Ensure you address each of the ELOs. You must address materiel and organizational change in your essay. Ensure you do not simply regurgitate today’s process; that is not a comparative analysis between two different things. Review the ELOs associated with this course before beginning your essay. Your paper must demonstrate your understanding of each ELO, how the applicable processes work, and how they provide capabilities to commanders. You will demonstrate this understanding through a comparative analysis (You can also look at the applicable lesson advance sheets for more specific information on each ELO requirement.) ELO-CC-8.1: Describe how strategic guidance leads to identifying requirements and solutions to provide capabilities. ELO-CC-8.2: Develop solutions across DOTMLPF-P. ELO-CC-8.3: Explain how the Army allocates resources to support solutions. ELO-CC-8.4: Employ force integration to provide capability to combatant commanders.