Starr/McMillan, 6e

Use only the assigned text as a source to answer these questions.  Your responses have to be in your own words.  Do not copy anything directly from the text.

Review

1. The heart has two ventricles which pump blood to different circuits.  What are the two circuits, what purposes do they serve?

2. What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

3. Immune responses can be summarized by three words each beginning with “R”. What are they?

4. Draw arrows to show the flow of blood through the heart. What keeps blood flowing in one direction?

5. Why are capillaries important?  How does the small size of the capillaries facilitate their function?

6. What are the functional connections between the lymphatic system and the circulatory system?

7. How are the arterioles used to regulate blood pressure?

8. During an immune response both T and B cells can specialize in two ways, what are they?

9. What are two ways T cells contribute to immunity?

10. What type of immune response is show in the figure below?

11. How does a vaccination provide protection against future infections?

Analysis

12. The figure below shows the results of an experiment in which a rabbit is injected with a certain antigen (say, a virus).  After the injection the amount of antibody in the rabbit’s blood is measured at weekly intervals.  The graphs show how much antibody is present each week; the amount of antibody is on the vertical axis, and the number of weeks is on the horizontal axis.  The left hand panel represents the first injection of the rabbit with virus.  The right hand panel represents a second injection sometime after the first.  Focusing only on the solid lines describe three ways a secondary immune response differs from a primary response.

Bonus (1pt)

13. Sometimes on long bike rides I get a burning sensation in the sole of my foot.  Given that arteriole blood pressure is elevated during exercise, explain how ultrafiltration in the capillary, p 165, could be producing this pain.