Applications Project
This assignment assesses students’ understanding and application of the following skills and knowledge specific to applications of linear equations and modeling:
ASSIGNMENT:
Over the last decade, at least, there has been much talk about climate change. There have been discussions concerning the role humans have played in the altering of Earth’s atmosphere, and the real and potential impact on life as we have come to know it. Finally, there have been attempts already made to stop or reverse any negative results that may have been or that may be caused as humans continue to produce and consume goods and services in our ever-expanding societies.
In this assignment you will have the opportunity to investigate four scenarios related to theissuesclimate change.
Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to provide you, the student, with an opportunity to demonstrate your level of mastery of the mathematical and logical concepts that are presented in thispre-calculus course.
Audience: The audience for this assignment is your pre-calculus professor, or any individual with a sound knowledge of the topics covered in the questions posed along with each scenario.
Directions: Please respond to all parts of each scenario with complete ideas and sentences. Be clear and succinct in your submissions. Also, make sure to provide all required technology displays or output.
Math 163 Applied Project
Carbon emissions contribute to climate change, which hasserious consequences for humans and their environment. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, carbon emissions, in the form of carbon dioxide(CO2), make up more than 80 percent of the greenhouse gases emitted in the United States (EPA, 2019). The burning of fossil fuels releasesCO2 and other greenhouse gases. These carbon emissions raise global temperatures by trapping solar energy in the atmosphere. This alters water supplies and weather patterns, changes the growing season for food crops, and threatens coastal communities with increasing sea levels (EPA, 2016).
The amount of CO2 emitted per year A(in tons) for a vehicle that averagesx miles per gallon of gas, can be approximated by the function.
(Department of Energy, 2019)
As humans continue to burn fossil fuels, the amount of CO2in the atmosphere increases. Scientists measure atmospheric CO2in parts per million (ppm), which means the number of CO2molecules for every one million molecules of other atmospheric gases such as oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists have been tracking the amount of CO2in the atmosphere at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii since 1958.
The table below shows theCO2 measurements recorded for the years 1959-2018.
Year | Mean | Year | Mean | Year | Mean | Year | Mean | Year | Mean |
1959 | 315.97 | 1972 | 327.45 | 1985 | 346.12 | 1998 | 366.70 | 2011 | 391.65 |
1960 | 316.91 | 1973 | 329.68 | 1986 | 347.42 | 1999 | 368.38 | 2012 | 393.85 |
1961 | 317.64 | 1974 | 330.18 | 1987 | 349.19 | 2000 | 369.55 | 2013 | 396.52 |
1962 | 318.45 | 1975 | 331.11 | 1988 | 351.57 | 2001 | 371.14 | 2014 | 398.65 |
1963 | 318.99 | 1976 | 332.04 | 1989 | 353.12 | 2002 | 373.28 | 2015 | 400.83 |
1964 | 319.62 | 1977 | 333.83 | 1990 | 354.39 | 2003 | 375.80 | 2016 | 404.24 |
1965 | 320.04 | 1978 | 335.40 | 1991 | 355.61 | 2004 | 377.52 | 2017 | 406.55 |
1966 | 321.38 | 1979 | 336.84 | 1992 | 356.45 | 2005 | 379.80 | 2018 | 408.52 |
1967 | 322.16 | 1980 | 338.75 | 1993 | 357.10 | 2006 | 381.90 | ||
1968 | 323.04 | 1981 | 340.11 | 1994 | 358.83 | 2007 | 383.79 | ||
1969 | 324.62 | 1982 | 341.45 | 1995 | 360.82 | 2008 | 385.60 | ||
1970 | 325.68 | 1983 | 343.05 | 1996 | 362.61 | 2009 | 387.43 | ||
1971 | 326.32 | 1984 | 344.65 | 1997 | 363.73 | 2010 | 389.90 |
(Source: U.S. Department of Commerce/National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/data.html)
The Arctic ice cap is a large sheet of sea ice that contains an estimated 680,000 cubic miles of water.If the global climate were to warm significantly as a result of the greenhouse effect or other climactic change, this ice cap would start to melt (NASA, n.d.). More than 200 million people currently live on land that is less than 3 feet above sea level. There are several large cities in the world that have a low average elevation, including Miami, Florida (pop. 463,347) at 7 feet, Shanghai, China (pop. 24,180,000) at 13 feet, and Boston, Massachusetts (pop. 685,094) at 14 feet. In this part of the project you are going to estimate the rise in sea level if the ice cap were to melt and determine whether this event would have a significant impact on the people living in these three cities (US Government, 2019).
Coal has long been a reliable source of American energy, but it comes with tremendous costs because it is very dirty.When coal is burned it releases a number of airborne toxins and pollutants, including mercury, lead, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulates, and various other heavy metals which can have harmful environmental impacts in addition to CO2.
The function below relates the cost C (in $1000) to remove x percent of the air pollutants for a hypothetical power company which burns coal to generate electricity. A function such as this is called a cost-benefit function because it relates a cost (the price of implementing practices to remove the pollution) and a benefit (the removal of the air pollutants from the energy-generating process).
Instructions on how to use Desmos to sketch a graph of an equation, to make a table and plot points, and to find an equation that fits your data.
Helpful videos:
References:
EPA. (2016, December 20). Climate Change Impacts | US EPA. Retrieved December 13, 2019, from https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts_.html
EPA. (2019, May 13). Overview of Greenhouse Gases. Retrieved December 13, 2019, from https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases
Department of Energy. (n.d.). Department of Energy. Retrieved December 13, 2019, from https://www.energy.gov/
United States Government. (2019, September 5). U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved December 13, 2019, from https://www.doi.gov/hurricanesandy/usgs
NASA. (n.d.). Arctic Sea Ice Minimum | NASA Global Climate Change. Retrieved December 13, 2019, from https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/arctic-sea-ice/
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