Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and other nutrients provide your body with energy and provide the raw materials necessary to carry on life activities. These compounds are present in the plants and animals you use as food. The most common organic compounds found in living organisms are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. Common foods, which often consist of plant materials or substances derived from animals, are also combinations of these organic compounds. Substances called indicators can be used to test for the presence of organic compounds. An indicator is a substance that changes color in the presence of a particular compound. In this investigation, you will use several indicators to test for the presence of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in various foods.
Benedict’s solution: tests for sugar (carbohydrates) Biuret solution: tests for protein
Lugol’s iodine solution: tests for starch (complex carbohydrates) Sudan III solution: tests for lipids
Food Substance | Prediction | Explanation |
Potato | ||
Orange Juice | ||
Nuts | ||
Eggs | ||
Salmon | ||
Milk |
c) Proteins: d) Lipids (fats):
e) Starch f) Hemoglobin g) Lactose
Benedict’s solution is added to the test tube. When heated, Benedict’s solution will change color from blue to green, yellow, orange, or red in the presence of a simple sugar, or monosaccharide. The more sugar present, the more orange/red the solution should be.
Iodine will change color from yellow-brown to blue-black in the presence of starch.
Biuret reagent changes color from yellow to blue-violet in the presence of protein.
1. What test do we use to test for proteins?
Draw the lab set-up and label the different test tubes for the Biuret’s reaction.
Sudan IV stain will dissolve in lipids and stain them red or orange.
Analysis Questions:
Macromolecule | Reagent | Color Change |
Sugar | Biuret Reagent | Green, Orange, or Red color |
Protein | Sudan III | Blue-black color |
Lipid | Iodine | Red or Orange color |
Starch | Benedict’s Solution | Blue-Violet color |
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