KIN 393 – Lab Manuscript

This manuscript is to be written in a scientific format: be clear and concise – you have ~5 pages including figures.  You are not required to cite sources (either in text or with a reference page).  The discussion questions need to be answered in paragraph format (not like we do each week with the homework).

The data for this manuscript is posted on blackboard as an excel file.  You will have to calculate density and % body fat for all subjects.  Then find an average for body density and % body fat for both men and women.  The formula for body density and % body fat are on page 2 (just keep scrolling down).  Likewise, you must calculate BMI and Wast:Hip ratios.  List the average BMI and Wast:Hip for men and women.

Introduction:

This section should be 5-7 sentences that describe the importance of fat to overall health.  Use your notes from Monday’s lecture to discuss metabolic syndrome, central adiposity, and cytokines. Then describe normal ways to measure body composition.  The first 5-6 sentences should build to your purpose.  The last sentence of your introduction will be the purpose of the study.

Methods:

This section needs to be very detailed.  Think of it like an instruction manual for others to exactly replicate your study.  Include the number of subjects, the average age of men and women, how skinfolds were taken (right side of the body, list the sites for men, list the sites for women, each site was measured twice, etc), and how BMI and waist to hip ratios were measured.

Results:

This section is best written when figures and tables are presented along with the data written out in paragraph format.  In this section, list the average body density for men and women.  List the average % body fat for men and women from skinfolds and BIA.  List the average height and weight for men and women.  List the average BMI for men and women. List the average waist to hip ratio for men and women.

Graph the BMI (on the y axis) of men and women (on the x axis) with a column graph.                           Graph the % body fat from skinfolds (on the y axis) of men and women (on the x axis) with a column graph.  In a table, list the average age, average waist circumference, average hip circumference, and average waist to hip ratio of men and women.

Discussion:

The first sentence of the discussion is the main finding of the study.  This is directly related to the purpose you stated as the last sentence in your introduction. Your discussion is the place to interpret your results.  Discuss the following in a paragraph format in your discussion:

1. Describe metabolic syndrome. How prevalent is this disease in the US?
2. Interpret our body composition results.  Is the % body fat for the men and women normal for age?  Is the average waist:hip ratio at a healthy category?  What about waist circumference?
3. Describe inflammation within the context of obesity.
4. Within the context of obesity, describe inflammation and its effect on metabolic syndrome.
5. Metabolic syndrome is on the rise. What are ways you as a KIN student are prepared to fight the growing number of metabolic syndrome patients.
6. Psalms 111:2 states “Great are the works of the LORD; They are studied by all who delight in them (NASB).”  What impact does the study of God’s creation have on your faith?  Explain this in 3-4 sentences.

As always, write a concluding paragraph summarizing your results and restating your main finding.

Formulas

Body density: 3 site for men (Chest, abdomen, thigh): = (1.10938 – .0008267 * (sum of 3 skinfolds)  + (.0000016 * ( sum of 3 skinfolds)² –  (.0002574 * (age)

Body density: 3 site for women (triceps, suprailliac, thigh): = (1.1125025 – .0013125 * (sum of 3 skinfolds)  + (.0000055  * ( sum of 3 skinfolds)²  –  (.000244 * (age)

% Body Fat = (457/BD) – 414.2