Need know how to use R-stuido
Water is the most important resource that sustains our health and lifestyles. Maintaining clean water is crucial for our own purposes, which are deeply connected with those of the aquatic ecosystems from which it comes.The quality of water can be influenced by many factors in the Region of Niagara including agricultural, municipal and industrial.
Monitoring the impacts of such operations on water quality is a major priority as it has direct influence on our health and that of downstream ecosystems. The Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority (NPCA) has been monitoring the quality of stream water throughout the Region since 2006.They have the water tested for a suite of water chemistry parameters including E. coli (Escherichia coli), which is a type of bacteria that originates from the intestines of animals and humans.It can make its way to streams and river in runoff, especially during heavy rainfalls after which farmers have sprayed manure on their fields.It can also make its way from leaky sewage and septic systems.
Lab Objectives:
The NPCA has asked us to do a robust analysis of water quality along the 12-mile Creek watershed.The R script template provided shows you how to do the long-form analysis for only the headwater (upstream) sites.You will have to restructure this to complete the rest of the analysis.As this is important ‘real’ data, the best reports and associated student information will be sent onto NPCA manager Joshua Diamond.
You will be comparing E. coli concentrations among multiple locations within the 12-mile Creek watershed, which is regarded as having the cleanest water in Niagara owing to the natural conservation of Shorthills Provincial Park.You have been provided with a map from NPCA as well as E. coli data from nine sampling sites across the 12-mile creek watershed.These sites are referred to as TW001 to TW009 (refer to map and map generated within first part of R script).
Data:
The E. coli data collected by Mr. Joshua Diamond and others at the NPCA is real data. Mr. Diamond and his colleagues perform Monthly grab water sampling throughout the Region, which are analysed by the Ministry of the Environment laboratory through the Provincial Water Quality Monitoring Network. While there are many parameters, you will only work with E. coli data, which has the units cfu/100 ml. CFU stands for colony-forming unit, which represents the number of bacteria cells in a sample, in this case, a 100 ml sample. From a environmental standards perspecFve the Provincial Water Quality ObjecFve。
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