This week you are learning about the history of corrections. Identify 2 individuals who have influenced the field of corrections. Explain their contributions. Do you think their influence is still evident today? Why? The 2 influencers are Marian Brown, And Amanda Gallegos.. I’ve attached each of these corrections influencer background info.
Marian Brown is Sheriff of Dallas County, Texas. Sheriff Brown operates the seventh largest jail in the United States with an ADP of over 6,000 inmates and more than 2,000 employees. Why are staffing issues a major concern of most jails today?Courtesy of Marian Brown – Sheriff, Dallas CountyA number of jails in the United States are also generating new revenue by allowing well behaved inmates a chance to receive meatball subs, cheeseburgers, pizza, and wings complete with celery, blue cheese, and a Pepsi ordered through companies like Aramark’s FreshFavorites menu. Aramark tailors its menus to each jail’s rules. Prices generally run from $6.99 for a peperroni pizza to $14.99 for a pizza and wing party pack. Jails receive revenue on every dollar. Indiana’s Vanderburgh Sheriff’s Office describes the program on its website: www.vanderburghsheriff.com/fresh-favorites.aspx.A third type of pay-to-stay jail program is a pay-to stay jail. In addition to charging inmates housing, food, and medical co-pay fees as a way to offset jail operations, some jurisdictions have added pay-to-stay jails, also referred to as self-pay jails. The concept of pay-to-stay is surging after actors such as Keifer Sutherland and Gary Collins served their sentences for DUI at the Glendale, California, city jail. The Beverly Hills Police Department, California, opened its pay-to-stay jail in late 2009.149pay-to-stay jail (also self-pay jails)An alternative to serving time in a county jail. Offenders convicted of minor offenses are offered privileges for a fee from $85 to $255 per day.Pay-to-stay jails are an alternative to serving time in a county jail and offer privileges to offenders (sometimes called clients) convicted of minor offenses such as DUI and non-drug-related offenses who pay $85 to $255 per day. Estimates are that there are approximately 15 pay-to-stay jails in California.44 Exhibit 6–10 compares six pay-to-stay jails in southern California in terms of cost per day, number of beds available, amenities, what inmates are allowed to bring in, and eligibility criteria. For example, persons convicted of DUI and sentenced to 21 days in the Santa Ana City Jail will pay more than $1,700 for extra privileges. Recently, an assistant sheriff of Orange County (California) was convicted of perjury and misuse of public funds. He served his sentence of 243 days at the Fullerton City Jail and paid $18,000 for a private cell, bathroom, and shower stall; use of his cell phone; and food brought by his visitors and even pizza delivery.
Amanda Gallegos, clinical mental health counselor, is the second appointed mental health provider to run the Cook County, Illinois, jail, which is the nation’s second largest jail. How would you advise Ms. Gallegos to reduce the number of mentally ill jail inmates?Courtesy of Amanda Gallegos, and the Cook County Sheriff’s OfficeOver the years, the nation’s sheriffs have also said that jails are not equipped to meet the complex needs of persons living with mental illness and asked county and general hospitals to accept them as patients. The sheriffs spelled out six factors as to why jails should not be used for such people:The mentally ill person has usually committed no crime.County jails are overcrowded.Small county sheriffs’ officers are not specially trained for the proper handling and care of a mental patient.Many jails do not have proper or adequate detention rooms for the mentally ill.Detention in the county jail is unfair to the patient as well as to the corrections officers.Psychiatrists agree that a patient originally detained in a jail is much more difficult to treat and readjust, and incarceration can contribute to the further decompensation of many people with mental illness.30Throughout the United States and other nations worldwide, a well-known strategy to reduce the number of persons with mental illness from going to jail is the adoption of Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT).31 CIT is a police-based first responder program that has become nationally known as the “Memphis Model” of pre-arrest jail diversion for those in a mental illness crisis. Selected police officers receive up to 40 hours of training in mental illness and ways to de-escalate crises involving those exhibiting signs of mental disorder. Instead of arresting people who commit low-level crimes—such as disorderly conduct, public urination, or trespassing—and taking them to jail, officers can take them to community mental health centers or sobering centers. Currently, out of the 18,000 law enforcement agencies in the United States, CIT programs operate in nearly 3,000. Under the Affordable Care Act, many of the offenders encountered by CIT teams are also eligible for treatment under Medicaid. The use of telemedicine also makes CIT financially viable.In addition to CIT as a way to respond to persons for a low-level offense, other police agencies are experimenting with “deflection,” moving a person away from the justice system and toward community behavioral health and social services without ever being arrested and processed into the criminal justice system.32 Whereas CIT uses specially selected and trained police officers, deflection makes every law enforcement officer a potential pathway to behavioral intervention services, drug treatment, mental health treatment, and social services when called for. Over 600 police department across the United States are using some type of deflection. The benefits of CIT and deflection are shown in Exhibit 6–9.deflectionMoving a person away from the justice system and toward community behavioral health and social services without ever being arrested and processed into the criminal justice system.
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