Develop your own sampling strategy based upon your PICOT question. Read your text book and identify how you will approach the sampling strategy by understanding what the following means. a) parameters or attributes of the study population, b) representative of the defined population, c.appropriateness of the sampling plan to the research design, d) appropriateness and justification of the sample size, and e)evidence that the rights of human participants (subjects) have been protected.
After reading and understanding what the above means, answer the questions below regarding the sampling strategy you will use based on your PICOT question. Support why you chose those answers with evidence-based literature. Provide both in-text citation and a reference list.
A
Define your target population and sample.
B
Discuss your sampling approach in terms of their nature, use, advantages, and disadvantages. e.g. you can choose convenience, or quota, or random or purposive etc.
C
Indicate the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
D
Discuss the factors that influenced determination of sample size.
E
Discuss potential threats to internal and external validity as sources of sampling bias.
F
What is your cosmic Question (This is a question you ask your peers to respond to based on the chapter discussed in class this week i.e. Sampling Strategy).
1 RESPOND
Define your target population and sample.
My target population is Adolescents 13-18 years of age diagnosed with depression. My sample would be Adolescents 13-18 years of age that are admitted to the Adolescent psychiatric unit at Dominion Hospital for depression.BDiscuss your sampling approach in terms of their nature, use, advantages, and disadvantages. e.g. you can choose convenience, or quota, or random or purposive etc.
I would use the purposive sampling approach, which would let me select subjects that meet my study criteria, in this case, adolescents 13-18 years of age diagnosed with depression. Purposive sampling is often used when a researcher conducts a randomized clinical trial focused on a specific diagnosis or patient population (LOBIONDO-WOOD, 2021). LOBIONDO-WOOD, 2021 suggests that advantages would be that online networks could help in recruiting subjects for my trial and that usually errors of judgment in overrepresenting or underrepresenting elements of the population in the sample will tend to balance out. A disadvantage is there is an element of conscious bias in the selection of subjects and the ability to generalize from the evidence provided is very limited (LOBIONDO-WOOD, 2021).CIndicate the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
The inclusion criteria would be:
Age: 13-18 years of age
Diagnosed with depression by medical professional
Currently undergoing psychosocial therapy
Have been compliant with SSRI treatment for at least 5 weeks
Able to respond to questionnaire Exclusion criteria:Age: less than 13 years of age or greater than 18 years of age
Not diagnosed with depression by medical professional
Not undergoing psychosocial therapy
Noncompliance with SSRI medication
Inability to respond to questionnaire
Concurrent substance abuse problem that would prevent adherence to studyDDiscuss the factors that influenced determination of sample size.
The factors that influenced my sample size of 60 subject would be the design which would be to test adolescents 13-18 years of age that are being treated for depression with either psychosocial therapy or antidepressant therapy with SSRI’s. The purposive sampling method which would allow me to recruit adolescent subjects with the diagnosis of depression. The relative frequency would also determine this, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) depression is the single largest contributor to global disability with over 300 million people affected in 2017 (Duffy et al, 2019)
EDiscuss potential threats to internal and external validity as sources of sampling bias.
Potential threats to internal validity would be if subjects are being treated with both psychosocial therapy and antidepressant therapy (SSRI), the age of onset of depression, the length of treatment, the past treatment methods a subject has tried, if subjects were being prescribed different SSRI’s and/or see different psychosocial therapists (LOBIONDO-WOOD, 2021).
Potential threats to external validity would be the socioeconomic status of the subjects, cultural beliefs, living environment, and support system (LOBIONDO-WOOD, 2021).FWhat is your cosmic Question (This is a question you ask your peers to respond to based on the chapter discussed in class this week i.e. Sampling Strategy).
Due to the availability of test subjects (adolescents 13-18 diagnosed with depression) would convenience sampling be a better option as a sampling strategy? Why or Why not? References:
LOBIONDO-WOOD, G. E. R. I. (2021). Nursing research: Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice. ELSEVIER.
Duffy, F., Sharpe, H., & Schwannauer, M. (2019). Review: The effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents with depression – a systematic review and meta? analysis. Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 24(4), 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12342
The aim of the cosmic question you propose should enable others to critique your sampling strategy.
Reply:
DISCUSSION 5
The PICOT question I chose is about vitamin D and calcium supplementation’s effectiveness in reducing risks of fractures, in post-menopausal women. This is because post-menopausal women are at risk of diminished bone density.
A. Define your target population and sample.
To investigate this PICOT question, a sample of 40 post-menopausal women. Some post-menopausal women are usually already on supplements, and hormonal therapy. For some, the risk for pathological fractures is higher than in others. This can even be due to differences in diet, as people who consume calcium and vitamin D rich diets are at less risk. These women will be 50 years and above.
B. Discuss your sampling approach in terms of their nature, use, advantages, and disadvantages. e.g. you can choose convenience, or quota, or random or purposive etc.
Random sampling is the best approach to use in this PICOT question. I will thus use this sampling approach because it is linked with various benefits in terms of protecting the validity of a study. This method reduces researcher bias in selecting a sample population and helps in getting a true representative sample that can reduce the extent of extraneous factors/variables (Tappen, 2016). The drawback linked to random sampling relates to its non-probabilistic template of sample selection since a researcher is denied a chance to manipulate the sample characteristics as a strategy to subdue the influence of extraneous variables (Tappen, 2016).
C. Indicate the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Inclusion criteria (participants must be at 50 years old and above.)
Exclusion criteria (those below 50 years of age and those who have been on supplements already)
D. Discuss the factors that influenced determination of sample size.
Before settling for this sample size I first had to analyze the number of post-menopausal women, who could be free to have them experimented using supplements. I had to put into considerations stuff life comorbidities, so as not to compromise anyone’s health, since some supplements are associated with some diseases. For example, Vitamin D is associated with cardiovascular diseases. I thus found this sample size practical and realistic. Apart from this factor, I also had to consider time as a research resource as well as the expected tasks in data handling (collection analysis, and interpretation) (Gray, Grove & Sutherland, 2016). This sample size was therefore considered workable since its findings can be used to influence organizational policies in terms of pathological fractures prevention and do not involve strenuous activities of data handling.
E. Discuss potential threats to internal and external validity as sources of sampling bias.
Random sampling may not exclude persons or subjects with certain characteristics such as those with comorbidities, whose risk of cardiovascular diseases is higher. Also, there is not uniformity in the subjects. This is external, and thus, the data can be fragmented and lack a high level of uniformity that also serves the same negative purpose of providing a fertile ground for extraneous cause-effect relationships (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2017). Therefore, these are the two major factors that can affect the internal and external validity levels of this study.
F. What is your cosmic Question (This is a question you ask your peers to respond to based on the chapter discussed in class this week i.e. Sampling Strategy).
Can random sampling lead to the inclusion of participants or populations who can increase the risk of “third variables” or extraneous factors?
References
Gray, J. R., Grove, S. K., & Sutherland, S. (2016). Burns and grove’s the practice of nursing research-E-book: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence. Elsevier Health Sciences.
LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Haber, J. (2017). Nursing research-e-book: methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Tappen, R. M. (2016). Advanced nursing research: From theory to practice. Jones & Bartlett Publishers
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