Chapter 6 – Learning
Define learning.
What is behaviorism?
What is classical conditioning and operant conditioning? How are they different?
Can you recognize and provide an example of:
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Unconditioned response (UCR)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Conditioned response (CR)
Understand that what makes classical conditioning work – the pairing of the US and CS. In general, when should this pairing happen in time? How often should this pairing happen in order for classical conditioning to work well?
Can you describe why food aversion (getting sick from food once and then never eating it again) along with lack of alcohol aversion (when you get sick from drinking too much yet this does not stop you from drinking again) do not make sense in combination according to classical conditioning.
What is extinction, stimulus generalization and spontaneous recovery? Can you recognize an example of each?
Can you recognize an example of classical conditioning in advertising?
What did Watson try to show with classical conditioning? For example can you describe how he showed that fear is learned?
Can you recognize or provide an example of each of these:
What are positive reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcements
Negative punishments
What do reinforcement and punishment do with future behavior?
What is shaping? Can you give an example?
What are the problems for behaviorism? Can you give me two examples of these problems?
From the textbook only:
What is observational learning?
What is a model in observational learning?
What are the three kinds of models identified by Bandura?
Chapter 8 – Memory
What is memory?
Be able to define, recognize and describe examples of the following types of memory:
Explicit
- Episodic
- Semantic
Implicit
- Procedural
Have a good understanding of the three-system theory of how memories are formed:
- Sensory register > > short term memory >> long term memory
What is the capacity of each and the duration of how long memories stay there?
- Be able to define & describe the three processes of memory with examples: Encoding, Storage & Retrieval
- Why are most of our early memories from after we are three years old?
- Memory is largely a reconstructive process. What does that mean in terms of the accuracy of your memories?
Problems with memory:
Eye-witness testimony info (also see textbook for this):
- Can you give an example of suggestibility?
- What is the Misinformation effect paradigm? (Textbook)
- What is elaborative encoding?
- What is the self-referential effect?
- What is the difference between recall & recognition?
What are the seven sins of memory (in the textbook) – be able to give an example of each.
- We will talk about three of them in class: absentmindedness, misattribution and suggestibility.
- Who is patient HM? What parts of his brain were missing and what problems did he have? What does the hippocampus do for memory?
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