social impact of technology if you don’t know anything about this don’t pick it.

Question 1 (2.5 points)

Ecologists who study the way species interact with each other in a specified area are focused on

Question 1 options:

	a) habitats.
	b) communities.
	c) niches.
	d) biomes.

Question 2 (2.5 points)

The foremost emitters of methane are

Question 2 options:

	a) oceans and rivers.
	b) oil and gas industries.
	c) landfills.
	d) sheep ranches.

Question 3 (2.5 points)

When carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, it produces _______ acid.

Question 3 options:

	a) carbolic
	b) carbonaceous
	c) carbonic
	d) corrosive

Question 4 (2.5 points)

Disruption of the _______ cycle will have an unpredictable impact on humans due to this cycle’s vital role in regulating global climate patterns.

Question 4 options:

	a) nitrogen
	b) carbon
	c) phosphorous
	d) water

Question 5 (2.5 points)

Which atmospheric layer enables radio transmissions?

Question 5 options:

	a) Troposphere
	b) Stratosphere
	c) Ionosphere
	d) Thermosphere

Question 6 (2.5 points)

Where would you find a cold desert biome?

Question 6 options:

	a) Mojave
	b) Sahara
	c) Sahel
	d) Antarctica

Question 7 (2.5 points)

About _______ percent of current carbon dioxide emissions are being absorbed into the planet’s oceans.

Question 7 options:

	a) 30
	b) 40
	c) 50
	d) 60

Question 8 (2.5 points)

According to the EPA, the second most significant factor in human-caused global warming and climate change is

Question 8 options:

	a) deforestation.
	b) burning of fossil fuels.
	c) desertification.
	d) species extinction.

Question 9 (2.5 points)

The current rate of species extinction is conservatively estimated at _______ times greater than the background rate.

Question 9 options:

	a) 20 to 200
	b) 50 to 5,000
	c) 100 to 1,000
	d) 300 to 3,000

Question 10 (2.5 points)

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have largely replaced chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in an effort to reduce ozone layer depletion. What is a drawback to this strategy?

Question 10 options:

	a) HFCs have an unpleasant odor.
	b) HFCs are also greenhouse gases.
	c) HFCs are more expensive to produce.
	d) HFCs are toxic to wildlife.

Question 11 (2.5 points)

_______ is/are our planet’s thermostat and the world’s chief greenhouse gas.

Question 11 options:

	a) Water vapor
	b) Atmospheric pollutants
	c) Carbon dioxide
	d) Ozone

Question 12 (2.5 points)

Two students are discussing causes of desertification in semi-arid locales. Allen maintains that overcultivation depletes soil of vital nutrients. Audrey argues that overgrazing strips vegetation and leads to soil erosion and deforestation. Which student is correct?

Question 12 options:

	a) Both Allen and Audrey are incorrect.
	b) Both Allen and Audrey are correct.
	c) Only Allen is correct.
	d) Only Audrey is correct.

Question 13 (2.5 points)

Plankton and phytoplankton represent the base of the oceanic food chain and produce about _______ percent of our planet’s atmospheric oxygen.

Question 13 options:

	a) 20
	b) 30
	c) 40
	d) 50

Question 14 (2.5 points)

The ozone layer contains about _______ percent of atmospheric ozone.

Question 14 options:

	a) 60
	b) 75
	c) 90
	d) 99

Question 15 (2.5 points)

Which statement best characterizes the temperate grassland biome?

Question 15 options:

	a) The rainy season lasts for six to eight months.
	b) During the parched dry season, fires turn vegetation to ash.
	c) This biome features perennial grasses as well as flowering plants called forbs.
	d) This biome includes strands of trees separated by grasses.

Question 16 (2.5 points)

Taiga includes the largest contiguous forests on the planet and make up about _______ percent of all of Earth’s forests.

Question 16 options:

	a) 50
	b) 40
	c) 30
	d) 20

Question 17 (2.5 points)

When ecologists study the way energy is distributed over a food chain or the rate at which nutrients are recycled, they’re engaged in _______ in an effort to understand how the whole system works.

Question 17 options:

	a) habitat ecology
	b) systemic analysis
	c) ecosystem ecology
	d) biosphere studies

Question 18 (2.5 points)

Which planet is in the so-called “Goldilocks zone”?

Question 18 options:

	a) Earth
	b) Mars
	c) Jupiter
	d) Venus

Question 19 (2.5 points)

Where can the largest tropical forest on the planet be found?

Question 19 options:

	a) Amazon Basin
	b) Indian subcontinent
	c) Congo Basin
	d) Indonesian archipelago

Question 20 (2.5 points)

Which of these is a biotic factor in an ecological system?

Question 20 options:

	a) Local climate
	b) Chemical properties of an environment
	c) Sunlight
	d) Decomposers

Question 21 (2.5 points)

In transition theory, the main factor in the reduction of death rates is

Question 21 options:

	a) rising access to education.
	b) availability of preventive health care.
	c) accessibility of pediatric care.
	d) improving food technologies and production.

Question 22 (2.5 points)

Thomas Malthus proposed a list of preventive and positive measures to control population growth. Which of these would Malthus call a positive check?

Question 22 options:

	a) Refraining from sexual intercourse on a regular basis
	b) Postponing marriage until later on in life
	c) Planning to create a smaller family
	d) Being prepared to cope with extreme poverty and malnutrition

Question 23 (2.5 points)

In the modern world, how many countries are believed to be in Stage 1 of demographic transition?

Question 23 options:

	a) 25
	b) 15
	c) 10
	d) 0

Question 24 (2.5 points)

Paul Ehrlich updated his early projections because his original ideas underestimated

Question 24 options:

	a) immigration figures.
	b) capitalist gains.
	c) human resilience.
	d) political instability.

Question 25 (2.5 points)

Malthus was incorrect on a key assumption. It turns out that as a population’s standard of living increases, birth rates

Question 25 options:

	a) stabilize.
	b) increase.
	c) equalize.
	d) decrease.

Question 26 (2.5 points)

According to the course, all of the following factors are likely to be sources of social problems related to population density except

Question 26 options:

	a) economics.
	b) spirituality.
	c) cultural factors.
	d) politics.

Question 27 (2.5 points)

The proportion of males to females in a given population is referred to as the _______ ratio.

Question 27 options:

	a) fertility
	b) sex
	c) population
	d) stereotypical

Question 28 (2.5 points)

In the four-stage model of transition theory, declining death rates and continuing high birth rates are characteristic of Stage

Question 28 options:

	a) 1.
	b) 2.
	c) 3.
	d) 4.

Question 29 (2.5 points)

_______ is the global area with the highest rate of population growth.

Question 29 options:

	a) China
	b) Africa
	c) Canada
	d) Mexico

Question 30 (2.5 points)

_______ decimated the population of Europe in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.

Question 30 options:

	a) Famine
	b) Armed conflict
	c) Plague
	d) Syphilis

Question 31 (2.5 points)

Which statement is true regarding global population growth trends?

Question 31 options:

	a) Over the last 10,000 years, the human population has climbed slowly but steadily.
	b) According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by the year 2010, the total human population was just short of 9 billion people.
	c) According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by the year 2010, the growth rate percentage was just over 1 percent.
	d) By the year 1,000 CE, Earth’s total human population had nearly doubled.

Question 32 (2.5 points)

From the perspective of Marx and Engels, the political and economic theories of
Adam Smith, John Locke, and others are mainly a(n) _______ of the capitalist system.

Question 32 options:

	a) ideological critique
	b) rationalization
	c) criminal indictment
	d) radicalization

Question 33 (2.5 points)

Which stage of transition theory is usually quite brief?

Question 33 options:

	a) Stage 2
	b) Stage 3
	c) Stage 4
	d) Stage 5

Question 34 (2.5 points)

In the decades following World War II, the United States experienced an enormous increase in the birth rate. This is an example of _______ effects, which impact population growth.

Question 34 options:

	a) temporary
	b) short-term
	c) period
	d) misleading

Question 35 (2.5 points)

Infant mortality is defined as the percentage of infants who die within _______ months after birth in a given population per 1,000 live births per year.

Question 35 options:

	a) 1
	b) 3
	c) 6
	d) 12

Question 36 (2.5 points)

In developed countries, a fertility rate of 2.1 live births per 1000 births per year is called _______ fertility.

Question 36 options:

	a) stabilized
	b) replacement
	c) declining
	d) increasing

Question 37 (2.5 points)

Ehrlich’s dire projections differed from those of Malthus in that he applied the principle of geometric progression to

Question 37 options:

	a) vital resources like oil, copper, and top soils.
	b) significant climate change variables.
	c) escalating species die-off.
	d) birth and death rates by social class.

Question 38 (2.5 points)

In _______, death rates have declined markedly even as infant mortality rates continue as the highest in the world.

Question 38 options:

	a) Pakistan
	b) India
	c) Afghanistan
	d) Nigeria

Question 39 (2.5 points)

_______ death rate equals total deaths per year divided by the midyear population. This figure is normally expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.

Question 39 options:

	a) Estimated
	b) Projected
	c) Approximate
	d) Crude

Question 40 (2.5 points)

The discussion in the course regarding the experience of China during Mao Zedong’s Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1960 was meant to illustrate that

Question 40 options:

	a) population growth doesn’t necessarily proceed at a steady rate.
	b) economic policies are critical to sustain population growth.
	c) political and economic factors are irrelevant to population growth.
	d) unrestrained population growth leads to political instability.