Please give me these 15 questions’ answers within 1 hour. Please make sure the quality.
1.
Ozone pollution in the troposphere can result in a dramatic _____________ in the rate of photosynthesis.
This change in the rate of photosynthesis can reverberate throughout the ecosystem, which is an example of _______________.
A. decrease; top-down effects
| B. |
increase; bottom-up effects |
| C. |
decrease; bottom-up effects |
| D |
increase; top-down effects |
2.
Recall the final lectures of the semester. Because we only had one module to cover sustainability, which of the following topics/angles did I focus on?
A. sustainable agriculture
| B. |
sustainable entrepreneurship |
| C |
personal sustainability |
| D |
Walmart’s sustainable history |
3. Select the best answer to complete the following sentence:
Windborne pesticide drift, acid deposition, and global distillation are examples of ___________________________________.
|
The Global Commons |
|
Transboundary Pollution Problems |
|
Climate Change Remediation |
4. Which of the following is an example of point source pollution?
Select the best answer from the options below.
A. factory smokestack emissions
| B |
windborne pesticide drift |
| C |
global distillation |
| D |
automobile emissions |
5. Select the best phrase to complete the following statement:
When snow and ice melt (and are replaced by dark soil &/or water), _________________________.
A. albedo increases (more solar radiation is absorbed)
| B |
albedo decreases (less solar radiation is absorbed) |
| C |
albedo increases (less solar radiation is absorbed) |
| D |
albedo decreases (more solar radiation is absorbed) |
6. The pika is a small mammal (related to rabbits) that lives at high elevation (above treeline) on rocky mountain slopes.
In a recent lecture, I explained that a number of pika populations have experienced local extinctions, and that these extirpations appear to be linked to climate change.
Which of the following statements about the “plight of the pikas” are TRUE? (Select any and all that are TRUE.)
FYI: If you can’t view the image below, NO WORRIES. You don’t need to see it to answer the question — it’s just a super-adorable photo of a pika.
A. The pika has a large (wide) range of tolerance for temperature
| B |
The pika has experienced range constriction |
| C |
The pikas are particularly vulnerable to climate change because they are carnivores |
| D |
The recently extirpated pika populations were at lower elevation than the surviving pika populations |
7. The extent of sea level rise will be determined by two main factors: the amount of additional water volume (due to melting snow & ice) and _______________.
A. global distillation
| B |
acid deposition |
| C |
ozone depletion |
| D |
thermal expansion |
8. In a recent lecture-video, I mentioned ‘living shorelines’ (e.g., using vegetation and oysters to increase the resiliency shorelines). Living shorelines are an alternative to the traditional strategy of hardening coastlines (i.e., building seawalls and dikes) in an attempt to protect shorelines and coastal communities.
All of these ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ shoreline strategies fall under which category of Climate Change Response?
FYI: If you can’t view the image below, NO WORRIES. It is a gratuitous photo of some volunteers revegetating a coastal area to restore a ‘living shoreline.’ You do not need to see this photo to answer the question.
A. Climate Remediation
| B |
Climate Mitigation |
| C |
Climate Complacency |
| D |
Climate Adaptation |
9. In his TED talk, David Keith mentioned some downsides to exploring geoengineering as a response to climate change.
One of Keith’s major concerns was that simply by knowing that geoengineering exists as an effective and relatively inexpensive ‘solution,’ we risk taking climate mitigation less seriously.
According to Keith’s talk (and my recent lecture), what is this phenomenon called?
A. Catch 22
| B |
Moral Hazard |
| C |
Goldilocks Principle |
| D |
Double Bind |
10. The Golden Toad lived in the Monteverde Cloud Forest in Costa Rica, but it hasn’t been seen in the wild since 1987, and was later declared extinct.
The extinction of the Golden Toad, the declines of ~20 other cloud forest-dependent frog species, and the declines of dozens of lizard and bird populations in Costa Rica (in the late-1980s) have been attributed to _______________________________.
Below is a gratuitous photo of golden toads — not at all necessary to answer the question, so no worries if you’re unable to see the image.
A. an increase in air temperature, and a related increase in mist/precipitation in the cloud forest
| B |
an increase in sea level, and a series of severe floods in the cloud forest |
| C |
an increase in sea surface temperature, and a related decrease in mist/precipitation in the cloud forest |
| D |
a decrease in sea level, and a related fluctuation in mist/precipitation intensity in the cloud forest |
11. In my lecture about Energy Systems, I showed you a comparison of the total revenue (in 2015) of four major U.S. industries, including the Renewable Energy Industry.
In 2015, the Renewable Energy Industry (aka, ‘Advanced Energy’) generated twice as much revenue as which of the other industries listed below?
A. Beer
| B |
Pharmaceuticals |
| C |
Bottled Water |
| D |
Electronics |
12. Recall our ‘guest’ lecture by Claire Eaton (during Module 12)…
The Opening of the Arctic refers to which of the following phenomena?
Select the best answer from the options below.
A. The addition of the Arctic Circle to the list of internationally recognized ‘Global Commons’
| B |
The recent removal (by the UN) of all regulation on Arctic fisheries, resulting in fish declines |
| C |
The increased access to the Arctic region resulting from ice loss |
| D |
The expansion of the ozone hole above the North pole |
13. Recall the Module 12 lectures, in which I discussed some of the major ecological implications of anthropogenic climate change.
Some species have exhibited dramatic shifts in key seasonal activities, such as timing of breeding migrations by amphibians and birds, flowering dates of plants, and timing of emergence of some insects.
These types of biological changes are associated with variations in climate, and are known collectively as shifts in _________________.
Select the best answer from the list below.
A. phenology
| B |
biometry |
| C |
phylogeny |
| D |
albedo |
14. People in many regions of the world have begun to feel the direct & indirect impacts of climate change, including which of the following?
Select any and all correct answers from the list below.
A. agricultural shifts
| B |
loss of valuable species |
| C |
increased human-wildlife conflicts |
| D |
water scarcity |
15. People often refer to nuclear power, wind power, and solar power as “clean” energy sources. However, a close look at the emissions and other impacts of these energy sources during all stages of making the energy usable reveals that none is entirely “clean”.
What do we call this kind of analysis of impacts at all stages?
Select the best answer from the options below.
| A |
cost-benefit assessment |
| B |
life-cycle assessment |
| C |
Leslie Matrix |
| D |
natural history review |
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