#1 Many people wear masks to prevent the spread of the COVID-19. Based on your understanding of cell-mediated versus antibody-mediated, does the virus directly attack by cell or antibody-mediated immunity? Why do you think patients with other diseases have a harder time fighting off the disease? What is the purpose of the vaccine? Please explain all your answers.
#2 A spirogram measures lung volumes and lung capacities. An example of various lung volumes/capacities is shown on Figure 16.15.
For this assignment, you will explain each of the following terms related to a spirogram and graph each ( use Figure 16.15 as your guide).
1. Tidal volume
2. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
3. Expiratory Reserve Volume
4. Total Lung Capacity
5. Vital Capacity
6. Residual volume
#3
The functional unit of the kidney is called the nephron. There are over 1 million nephrons per kidney. When a patient’s nephron’s fails, the must participate in kidney dialysis. Draw and explain the processes that occur in the nephron. Include in your explanation filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion. Your illustration must include the afferent and efferent arterioles, glomerulus, capsule, proximal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct and peritubular capillary.
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