PICOT is utilized by the health care community to identify and study a nursing or medical practice problem. Consequently, PICOT examples that may provide insight into the use of the PICOT process, may not be relevant to nursing practice as they are based on a medical practice problem.
Describe the difference between a nursing practice problem and a medical practice problem. Provide one example of each. Discuss why is it important to ensure your PICOT is based on a nursing practice problem.
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The word PICOT is a mnemonic use for the elements of a clinical research question – patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time. The PICOT process begins with a case scenario, and the question is phrased to elicit an answer Leonardo (2018). A medical and nursing PICOT question follow the same process, however the difference is that for medical the intervention that is the I in the PICOT is a medical intervention while for nursing it must be an intervention that can be independently address by nursing.
The elements of a PICOT question are:
P (Patient, population or problem)
Who or what is the patient or population and what is the problem ?
I (Intervention)
What is the intervention (action or treatment) being considered?
C (Comparison or control)
What do we want to compare with the intervention?
O (Outcome or objective)
What is the desired or expected outcome or objective?
T (Time frame)
How long will it take to reach the desired outcome?
A nursing PICOT example can be formulated from the clinical scenario
Ileus commonly occurs after abdominal surgery, and can cause many complications in patients and extend their hospital stay. Onset of ileus is considered to be multifactorial, and a variety of preventative methods have been investigated. Many believe that chewing gum (CG) can help to reduce postoperative ileus by stimulating early recovery of gastrointestinal (GI) function ( Pereira et al. (2016).
P – Patients recovering from abdominal surgery
I – Gum chewing
C – Not chewing gum
O – Decrease the chance of postoperative ileus
T– Over a six month period
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