Module 8 – Final Exam
Choose one topic below and write an essay (approximately 1500 words).
1) Define the term “Arabs” and its relationship to pan-Arabism (nationalism) by distinguishing between the Muslim world and the Arab world. Mention also Nasser and Saddam Hussein as nationalist pan-Arab leaders.
2) Explain the Jewish “Diaspora”, history of Zionism, its five points (adopted by the 28th Zionist Congress in Jerusalem in 1968) and impact of both World War I (1914-18) and World War II with the Holocaust on the creation of Israel.
3) Describe the fall of the Ottoman Empire during World War I vs. Arab nationalism, the myth of an independent Arab state (Lawrence of Arabia) and rival Jewish-Arab claims on the Great Powers’ Mandate system of the League of Nations (Mandates A and Palestine).
4) Explain both Palestinian/Arab and Israeli views on the Middle East conflict and the key Arab-Israeli Wars: 1948 Independence of Israel, 1956 Suez Canal War, 1967 Six Days War and 1973 Yom Kippur War.
5) Describe Palestinian/Arab views on the Middle-East conflict, Jewish Settlements and ”Occupied Lands” (West Bank, Gaza, Golan, East Jerusalem) and how has Palestinian terrorism (from the revolutionary PLO to Islamist Hamas) shaped Israel’s domestic security vs. any Arab-Israeli Peace Process. Has the “Fence” stopped Palestinian terrorism and shaped the future borders in a “Two-States Solution” between Israel and Palestine?
6) Describe “Islamism” vs. Islamic Fundamentalism in relation to Iran’s 1979 Islamic Revolution and Islamic Terrorism/insurgencies (Afghanistan, Al-Qaeda) vs. Western security after the “9/11” terrorist attacks in the U.S. and later ones in Europe and Israel. Discuss the U.S./Coalition in the Gulf against Iran (1980s) in the Two Gulf Wars against Iraq (1990-91, 2003), Two Afghan Wars (1979-89, 2001-current) and the destabilization of Pakistan.
0 comments