Discussion Requirements
A substantive comment should be approximately 300 words or more for the response (A total of 1 response).
Read the initial comments posted by your classmates and reflect upon them.
Before writing your comments:
- Review the Discussion grading rubric to see what is expected for an excellent discussion, in order to earn full credit.
- Review some resources to help you synthesize, such as the following:
Sullivan, J. (2011). Strategies for Synthesis Writing. Retrieved from http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/edu/Strategies-for-Synthesis-Writing.html
NOTE: You are required to cite sources and include a reference list for the second post if it is simply your opinion. However, if your opinion is based on facts (as it should be), it is good practice to strengthen your position by citing sources. (PLEASE PROVIDED REFERENCES)
Be sure to meet all of the criteria in the rubric, as noted in the instructions above.
Third post for each module discussion:
Read the initial and secondary comments posted by your classmates and reflect upon them.
Directly respond to at least one classmate in a way that extends meaningful discussions, adds new information, and/or offers alternative perspectives.
Comment on those provided by your cohorts.
Note: Some expressions may be politically sensitive. It is not the intent of this exercise to stir controversy.
MY POST
DO NOT RESPOND
DO NOT RESPOND
Classmates and Professor,
The article by Seyedin, Samadipour & Salman (2020) discusses how the role of people can be improved in crisis management plans and the factors that affect risk perception. One of the factors that stood out is psychological factors. According to Seyedin et al., psychological factors comprise emotions, mental images, internal and external control. For instance, the authors explain that worries, anxiety, and concern are particularly effective for ensuring risk perceptions and protective measures. Also, the authors state that a community that a disaster has previously hit will psychologically prepare for catastrophes and undertake various protective measures. This psychological factor stood out for me because I believe the mind plays a crucial role in determining our actions in different situations. Psychological factors also decide whether or not we become worried or take something for granted. When a community takes warnings for granted, they are more likely to be caught off-guard. If we become concerned about disasters, we are likely to take participate in prevention measures. Therefore, our mental perspectives significantly affect perceptions and the actions we take.
The study concludes that the various factors affecting perception were presented to various institutions, including educational, managerial, and cultural. The study revealed that a collaborative plan would effectively play a role in changing the communities’ perceptions. The authors also argue that using a family-centered approach will significantly improve the community member’s perceptions regarding risk. Notably, the authors argue that educational and participatory can have a significant impact on people’s perspectives. I believe that the study concludes well and sheds light on how people’s attitudes can be transformed through a family-centered approach. I think that the family-centered approach will aid in communicating the need for risk recognition and planning. Family members tend to trust each other more and are also likely to convince other family members on getting on-board with disaster planning measures. By tapping into families, negative perceptions such as doubt and ignorance can be rectified and evoke a more positive perspective regarding disaster planning. According to Flood response plan: City of Fort Worth (2019) flash floods can occur anywhere, and residents required to be informed on flooding response plans. Members of the community are more likely to take action or participate in disaster planning to protect their families from the effects of disasters.
Pedro
References
Flood response plan: City of Fort Worth, TX (2019). Retrieved from https://www.fortworthtexas.gov/files/assets/public/tpw/documents/b9eeb289-8dfd-423f-9623-aa216e7155fc.pdf
Seyedin, H., Samadipour, E., and Salman, I. (2019, March 14). Intervention strategies for improvement of disasters risk perception: Family-centered approach. Journal of Education and Health Promotion 8(63). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6442268/
(RESPONSE 1 ISMAEL)
Professor and class,
According to Diane Rahm and Christopher G. Reddick of Texas State University, a study was conducted by Wildavsky and Dake (1990) which examines risk perception theories. The first theory is knowledge. Knowledge offers the perception that city managers know that disasters could be dangerous. This is found through experience, education, and the surrounding in which they live. Because knowledge is imperfect, uncertainty creates problems when planning for a disaster. Personality theory depicts managers as being too opposed to the risk or risk-neutral. Some managers may accept the risk or avoid risks altogether. This intern influences which way vulnerabilities are accessed.
Economic theory suggests managers will take risks when vulnerabilities are marginal versus the cost of mitigating.
The political theory puts competition into play. Elections, party outcomes, or those who may hold power within the community structure. Culture theory is more dynamic with more moving parts. Ideologies and how the public views city managers. Private entities may take more risks than city managers. When public funds are used, city managers may put off spending and take a chance that a disaster will not strike. A city manager may want to over exaggerate or under exaggerate based on self-preservation (Rahn & Reddick, 2011).
Based on these theories, city managers may perceive lower risks based on economic theory. Choosing the top four risks and spending taxpayer dollars to mitigate these or even go as far as having a basic all-hazards approach to reduce spending may offer the perception lower than what actually exists. Perhaps this is why local communities rely on the private sector in strategic planning. In my community, earthquakes are downplayed due to the low risk of devastation even though we have 20-30 quakes a year. Building codes are not stringent like you see in California. The costs of private construction cause strife with local policymakers. In order to have proper mitigation plans in place, managers must have buy-in from the local council.
ISMAEL
Reference
Rahn, D, Reddick, G. (2011) US City Managers’ Perceptions of Disaster Risks: Consequences for Urban Emergency Management. Retrieved from Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. Vol 19 Number 3 3 September 2011. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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Module 3 – Background
INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM; PRINCIPLES AND FEATURES PART I; MITIGATION AND RISK REDUCTION
Required Reading
Flood response plan: City of Fort Worth, TX (2019). Retrieved from https://www.fortworthtexas.gov/files/assets/public…
Introduction to incident command system, ICS-100.b, FEMA Interactive Web-based Course (2010). Retrieved from http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/IS100b.asp (Do not take the course; just review the material).
Seyedin, H., Samadipour, E., & Salman, I. (2019, March 14). Intervention strategies for improvement of disasters risk perception: Family-centered approach. Journal of Education and Health Promotion 8(63). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC64422…
Required Websites
Promoting mitigation in Louisiana—Performance analysis of mitigation projects—A case study, FEMA. www.fema.gov/pdf/casestudys/performance.pdf
Standardized Emergency Management System. http://www.caloes.ca.gov/cal-oes-divisions/plannin…
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