1- I want to talk about “heart attacks”, which occur when the flow of blood to the heart is blocked. The blockage can be caused by an accumulation of fat, cholesterol, and among other substances. Also, I confess that it is something that I am very afraid of and I would not like to die from it. I met many people who have died from this problem and I think it is a very mysterious death that takes you by surprise. I have heard many cases where people who are athletic, who lead healthy lives, exercise a lot, and play a lot of sports have had heart attacks. also as is common to people who suffer from the heart. Some silent symptoms that can be confused with any other illness are: chest pain, pressure, shortness of breath, nausea, discomfort, and fullness. Also, something that we need to know about this condition is that it is more common in adults age 65 and older than younger people, also “Nearly half (48 percent, 121.5 million in 2016) of all adults in the United States have some type of cardiovascular disease, according to the American Heart Association’s Heart and Stroke Statistics”.
2- A cardiovascular disease I would like to learn about is congenital heart defect. According to the CDC website (see statistic’s below)
- CHDs affect nearly 1% of―or about 40,000―births per year in the United States.1,2
- About 1 in 4 babies with a CHD have a critical CHD. Infants with critical CHDs generally need surgery or other procedures in their first year of life.
Congenital heart defect is one of the most common types of birth defects. Symptoms include abnormal heart rhythms, blue-tinted skin, shortness of breath, failure to feed or develop normally, and swollen body tissue or organs. Treatments include medications to lower blood pressure and control heart rate, heart devices, catheter procedures, and surgery. Serious cases may require a heart transplant. One kind of surgical procedure is an intracardiac repair. The surgeon places a patch over the ventricular septum defect to close the hole between the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). He or she also repairs or replaces the narrowed pulmonary valve and widens the pulmonary arteries to increase blood flow to the lungs.
I would like to know more about the defect, I tend to inadvertently blame myself often times for not being educated enough in the area, had i researched more i might have been able to do more during my pregnancy such as prenatal care and specialists. It was a learning experience in other ways as i was able to schedule the appropriate genetic testing for the pregnancy with my current 7 year old. This summer semester is short and i know we will not be able to touch on many subjects, but hopefully this could be one. I had given birth 10 years ago on May 2nd 2011to a baby girl at 27 weeks gestation, she had been diagnosed with congenital heart defect. She was given 6 rounds of epinephrine and maxed out as to where medical intervention was no longer an option. She passed away on May 4th 2011. Her dad had been diagnosed as a child and undergone a few corrective procedures through childhood and adulthood. I am not sure if it is hereditary or not.
3-Chronotropic agents increase heart rate and rhythm by affecting the heart’s electrical conduction system and the nerves that affect it. When we have positive chronotropic agents, the heart rate is increased, but the heart rate reduces when there are negative chronotropic agents. Positive chronotropic agents or drugs will always play a role in accelerating the heart rate. Examples of positive chronotropic drugs are atropine, milrinone and theophylline. When introduced in the body, they work out to increase the rate of the heart. Chronotropic drugs allow more or fewer ions to flow into the heart’s pacemaker cells, thereby affecting the rate and rhythm of the heart. When the heart rate is affected, there is going to be an effect on the flow of the blood as the heart is the one that pumps blood. Whether it is the negative or positive chronotropic agents, there will always be an effect on the heart’s pacemaker cells, and it will affect how the heart works and the flow of blood in the body. These agents are used when treating cardiovascular conditions and will always affect them. The chronotropic drugs are usually crucial in people with cardiovascular conditions that have to be treated in hospitals.
4-The influence that modify the heart rate are known as chronotropic effects from chrono- which means ”time” and tropos which means ”turns” . By influencing the electrical conduction system of the heart and the nerves that impact it, such as modifying the rhythm produced by the sinoatrial node, chronotropic medications can alter heart rate and rhythm. positive chronotropes raise heart rate, whilst negative chronotropes lower it. The conduction of the atrioventricular node (AV Node) is affected by a dromotrope. A positive dromotrope causes AV nodal conduction to rise, while a negative dromotrope cause AV nodal conductivity to decrease. A lusitrape is a substance that influences the diastolic relaxation of the heart. Preload and afterload are affected by a variety of positive inotropes. Chronotropic incompetence is generally defined as the inability to increase the heart rate adequately during exercise to match cardiac output to metobolic demands. Positive Chronotropes increase heart rate and they include atropine, dopamine, epinephrine, isoproterenol and most adrenergic agonists. On the other hand the heart rate decrease examples are Beta blockers such as metoprolol, Acetylcholine, digoxin and the non- dihydrophyridine calcium channel blockers diltiazem and verapamil.
5-Knowing your Blood Type
We all have different blood types or blood groups. We might need to get a blood transfusion or donate blood to help someone at some point in our lives. It is usually essential to know our blood type as it can help us very much. The importance of knowing your blood type is to prevent the risk of having an incompatible blood type when we need a blood transfusion or when we need surgery. Getting the wrong type of blood is very bad because when two different blood groups mix, it can lead to having blood cells clumping, which can be fatal. To save us from this, it is right to know the blood group that we belong to. Safe blood transfusions usually depend on careful blood typing and cross-matching. Knowing one’s blood type is essential; one will know the antigen and the rhesus factor, an essential aspect of humans. Rhesus factor is also important to pregnant women as it may affect newborns. It is therefore essential to know the blood type pone has. Although the information may be scanty, I have come across that blood group O is the most common at 37% in the US.
6-Knowing your blood type is valuable information it can steer you in a different direction to make certain life changes to keep away from blood type-related health conditions. However, everyone should take the time out and find out the blood type because we do not know what the future holds. In case of an emergency situation that requiring a blood transfusion to save your life. Knowing your blood type could save the doctor a lot of time and a better chance to save your life.
Nevertheless, two different blood types are mixed, which can lead to clumping of blood cells that can be potentially fatal. The investigation has shown that blood type can influence your risk for a myriad of health conditions, from the heart and vascular diseases to thinking and memory problems.
Blood classification, similar to eye tone, is acquired from your folks. There are eight normal blood classifications, alongside numerous uncommon ones. Blood classification is controlled by which antigens are available in your blood. Antigens are atoms that prompt a resistant reaction in the event that they are unfamiliar to a body. There are four significant blood gatherings:
Gathering A – Has an antigen on red platelets.
Gathering B – Has the B antigen on red platelets.
Gathering AB – Has both An and B antigens on red platelets.
Gathering O – Has no antigens on red platelets.
These four gatherings grow to eight kinds with the presence (+) or nonattendance (-) of a protein called the Rh factor. The eight sorts are A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O-. O negative blood is the widespread blood classification, which means it tends to be given in crisis bondings to people with any of the eight kinds of blood. This is because of the shortfall of antigens in O blood, and the way that Rh-antagonistic blood can likewise be given to individuals with Rh-positive blood.
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