lessons four and five

don’t add an attachment just write on the answers on here as you finish them

Where can the largest tropical forest on the planet be found?

Question 1 options:

	a) Amazon Basin
	b) Indian subcontinent
	c) Congo Basin
	d) Indonesian archipelago

Question 2 (2.5 points)

Which of these is a biotic factor in an ecological system?

Question 2 options:

	a) Local climate
	b) Chemical properties of an environment
	c) Sunlight
	d) Decomposers

Question 3 (2.5 points)

Of the four modes of species interaction, trophic interactions are associated with

Question 3 options:

	a) parasitism.
	b) competition.
	c) mutualism.
	d) predation.

Question 4 (2.5 points)

As the Arctic permafrost melts, it releases _______ into the atmosphere.

Question 4 options:

	a) nitrous oxides
	b) methane
	c) water vapor
	d) ozone

Question 5 (2.5 points)

A(n) _______ is the natural space inhabited by a particular plant or animal.

Question 5 options:

	a) habitat
	b) ecoregion
	c) community
	d) ecosystem

Question 6 (2.5 points)

Plankton and phytoplankton represent the base of the oceanic food chain and produce about _______ percent of our planet’s atmospheric oxygen.

Question 6 options:

	a) 20
	b) 30
	c) 40
	d) 50

Question 7 (2.5 points)

When ecologists study the way energy is distributed over a food chain or the rate at which nutrients are recycled, they’re engaged in _______ in an effort to understand how the whole system works.

Question 7 options:

	a) habitat ecology
	b) systemic analysis
	c) ecosystem ecology
	d) biosphere studies

Question 8 (2.5 points)

According to the course, which of these has not been linked to damage caused by UVB radiation?

Question 8 options:

	a) Destruction of DNA
	b) Melanoma and premature aging
	c) Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas
	d) Severe sunburn

Question 9 (2.5 points)

Most of our weather takes place in Earth’s

Question 9 options:

	a) geosphere.
	b) mesosphere.
	c) troposphere.
	d) thermosphere.

Question 10 (2.5 points)

Two students are discussing causes of desertification in semi-arid locales. Allen maintains that overcultivation depletes soil of vital nutrients. Audrey argues that overgrazing strips vegetation and leads to soil erosion and deforestation. Which student is correct?

Question 10 options:

	a) Both Allen and Audrey are incorrect.
	b) Both Allen and Audrey are correct.
	c) Only Allen is correct.
	d) Only Audrey is correct.

Question 11 (2.5 points)

_______ is/are our planet’s thermostat and the world’s chief greenhouse gas.

Question 11 options:

	a) Water vapor
	b) Atmospheric pollutants
	c) Carbon dioxide
	d) Ozone

Question 12 (2.5 points)

Which planet is in the so-called “Goldilocks zone”?

Question 12 options:

	a) Earth
	b) Mars
	c) Jupiter
	d) Venus

Question 13 (2.5 points)

Which global region produces the most waste per capita?

Question 13 options:

	a) China
	b) India
	c) United States
	d) Europe

Question 14 (2.5 points)

The ozone layer contains about _______ percent of atmospheric ozone.

Question 14 options:

	a) 60
	b) 75
	c) 90
	d) 99

Question 15 (2.5 points)

Which statement best characterizes the temperate grassland biome?

Question 15 options:

	a) The rainy season lasts for six to eight months.
	b) During the parched dry season, fires turn vegetation to ash.
	c) This biome features perennial grasses as well as flowering plants called forbs.
	d) This biome includes strands of trees separated by grasses.

Question 16 (2.5 points)

The Keeling curve shows that carbon dioxide concentration in Earth’s atmosphere reached _______ ppm in 2013.

Question 16 options:

	a) 250
	b) 300
	c) 350
	d) 400

Question 17 (2.5 points)

According to the course, _______ scientific experts believe there is still time to address environmental problems and change our course toward a sustainable future.

Question 17 options:

	a) all
	b) no
	c) most
	d) very few

Question 18 (2.5 points)

Which side effect of urban sprawl is correlated to the time spent commuting from the suburbs to urban workplaces?

Question 18 options:

	a) Excessive water usage
	b) Increased risk of obesity
	c) Destruction of wildlife habitats
	d) Increase in air pollution

Question 19 (2.5 points)

Taiga includes the largest contiguous forests on the planet and make up about _______ percent of all of Earth’s forests.

Question 19 options:

	a) 50
	b) 40
	c) 30
	d) 20

Question 20 (2.5 points)

Where did humans first domesticate horses?

Question 20 options:

	a) American high plains
	b) Asian steppes
	c) African veld
	d) Argentine pampas

Question 21 (2.5 points)

In a growing population, the rate of natural increase equals the birth rate minus the death rate plus net

Question 21 options:

	a) migration.
	b) averages.
	c) emigration.
	d) fertility.

Question 22 (2.5 points)

Which statement is true regarding global population growth trends?

Question 22 options:

	a) Over the last 10,000 years, the human population has climbed slowly but steadily.
	b) According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by the year 2010, the total human population was just short of 9 billion people.
	c) According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by the year 2010, the growth rate percentage was just over 1 percent.
	d) By the year 1,000 CE, Earth’s total human population had nearly doubled.

Question 23 (2.5 points)

Which stage of transition theory is usually quite brief?

Question 23 options:

	a) Stage 2
	b) Stage 3
	c) Stage 4
	d) Stage 5

Question 24 (2.5 points)

Ehrlich’s dire projections differed from those of Malthus in that he applied the principle of geometric progression to

Question 24 options:

	a) vital resources like oil, copper, and top soils.
	b) significant climate change variables.
	c) escalating species die-off.
	d) birth and death rates by social class.

Question 25 (2.5 points)

In the decades following World War II, the United States experienced an enormous increase in the birth rate. This is an example of _______ effects, which impact population growth.

Question 25 options:

	a) temporary
	b) short-term
	c) period
	d) misleading

Question 26 (2.5 points)

Demographers have added a fifth stage to the classic four-stage transition theory. Namely, when birth rates fall below replacement and death rates exceed birth rates, a country can be said to have entered Stage 5. As mentioned in the course, all of these countries are now considered to be at Stage 5 except

Question 26 options:

	a) Argentina.
	b) Greece.
	c) Germany.
	d) Portugal.

Question 27 (2.5 points)

Which type of historical information about a population would not be found in an age pyramid?

Question 27 options:

	a) Ethnicity
	b) Fertility
	c) Mortality
	d) Migration

Question 28 (2.5 points)

The _______ ratio compares the number of economically productive people within a specific population to the number of people younger than 15 and older than 64.

Question 28 options:

	a) dependency
	b) productivity
	c) producer-consumer
	d) age to productivity

Question 29 (2.5 points)

Which of these statements regarding gender difference in the death rate is false?

Question 29 options:

	a) Female children are more likely to die young than males.
	b) Males tend to avoid employment in riskier occupations.
	c) Males engage in more risk-taking behaviors than females.
	d) Females experience more stress related to gender roles.

Question 30 (2.5 points)

In _______, death rates have declined markedly even as infant mortality rates continue as the highest in the world.

Question 30 options:

	a) Pakistan
	b) India
	c) Afghanistan
	d) Nigeria

Question 31 (2.5 points)

From the perspective of Marx and Engels, the political and economic theories of
Adam Smith, John Locke, and others are mainly a(n) _______ of the capitalist system.

Question 31 options:

	a) ideological critique
	b) rationalization
	c) criminal indictment
	d) radicalization

Question 32 (2.5 points)

_______ death rate equals total deaths per year divided by the midyear population. This figure is normally expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.

Question 32 options:

	a) Estimated
	b) Projected
	c) Approximate
	d) Crude

Question 33 (2.5 points)

Two students are discussing population density. Chu maintains that no direct correlation exists between population density and poverty. Mason claims that population density is normally associated with poverty and political instability. Which student is correct?

Question 33 options:

	a) Both students are correct.
	b) Both students are incorrect.
	c) Only Chu is correct.
	d) Only Mason is correct.

Question 34 (2.5 points)

Biological demographers have determined that under ideal conditions, the human lifespan could average _______ years.

Question 34 options:

	a) 90
	b) 95
	c) 110
	d) 120

Question 35 (2.5 points)

Infant mortality is defined as the percentage of infants who die within _______ months after birth in a given population per 1,000 live births per year.

Question 35 options:

	a) 1
	b) 3
	c) 6
	d) 12

Question 36 (2.5 points)

What is the standard symbol for carrying capacity?

Question 36 options:

	a) C
	b) K
	c) J
	d) N

Question 37 (2.5 points)

In developed countries, a fertility rate of 2.1 live births per 1000 births per year is called _______ fertility.

Question 37 options:

	a) stabilized
	b) replacement
	c) declining
	d) increasing

Question 38 (2.5 points)

The discussion in the course regarding the experience of China during Mao Zedong’s Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1960 was meant to illustrate that

Question 38 options:

	a) population growth doesn’t necessarily proceed at a steady rate.
	b) economic policies are critical to sustain population growth.
	c) political and economic factors are irrelevant to population growth.
	d) unrestrained population growth leads to political instability.

Question 39 (2.5 points)

In modern times, the greatest threat of famine is associated with

Question 39 options:

	a) underdeveloped infrastructure.
	b) political instability resulting from armed conflict.
	c) a lack of energy and water resources.
	d) economic instability due to past colonial practices.

Question 40 (2.5 points)

Demographically speaking, in the United States the rate of natural increase is currently below replacement. However, the population continues to grow due to net

Question 40 options:

	a) decrease.
	b) emigration.
	c) birth rate.
	d) migration.