This is the Example Prompt: The actual prompt is second.
Race vs Crime-Focus
We randomly selected 1,200 participants form the 2020 Race IAT. Below is the two-way table for the sample with the row variable Race and the column variable Crime-Focus. Here is a description of each variable.
Race: 2020 Race- IAT participants’ self-reported race.
Crime-Focus: 2020 Race-IAT participants’ responses to the statement, “Law enforcement officers should pay particular attention to those social groups more heavily involved in crime, even if this means focusing on members of particular ethnic groups.”
Race IAT: Race vs Crime-FocusStrongly DisagreeModerately DisagreeSlightly DisagreeNeutralSlightly
AgreeModerately
AgreeStrongly
AgreeRow TotalsAmer Indian/
Alaskan Native31101006East Asian1765130032South Asian1641120125Nat Hawaiian/
Pacific Islander30110005Black/
African Am511571101287White40018072831444121941Other/
Unknown2374445148Multiracial3463731256
EXAMPLE Neutrality about Crime-Focus
Are white IAT participants less likely than black participants to be neutral about law enforcement officers focusing their attention on particular social groups?
Work
In this question we are comparing the Black and White categories of the explanatory variable, Race. So we need to build two fractions with the totals for these explanatory variable categories in the denominators.
DenominatorsBlacksWhites?87?87?941?941The denominator is the total for Blacks.The denominator is the total for Whites.
Since we are asked about one category of the response variable, “neutral” we use the Neutral values in the numerators of the fractions.
NumeratorsBlacksWhites118711878394183941
The numerator, 11,
is “Neutral” given “Black.”
The numerator, 83,
is “Neutral” given
“White.”
Now we calculate and compare the percentages.
Blacks: 1187?0.126=12.6%1187?0.126=12.6%
Whites: 83941?0.088=8.8%83941?0.088=8.8%
The percentage of whites is less than the percentage of blacks. So, if the percent increase is 10% or greater, we will answer “yes” to the question, “Are white IAT participants less likely than black participants to be neutral about law enforcement officers focusing their attention on particular social groups?”
We need to calculate the percent increase from the smaller percentage to the larger percentage.
Step 1: Subtract the percentages (large – small).
12.6 – 8.8 = 3.8
Step 2: Divide the difference by the original amount and convert to a percent. Since we are calculating the percent increase from the smaller percentage to the larger percentage, the smaller percentage is the original amount.
3.88.8?0.432=43.2%3.88.8?0.432=43.2%
The percent increase is very large (more than 4 times greater than 10%), so we will answer “yes.”
Answer
Approximately 8.8% of whites in the IAT sample are neutral about law enforcement officers focusing their attention on particular social groups. Whereas, approximately 12.6% of blacks are neutral. The percent increase from white participants in the IAT sample to black participants is 43.2%, so white IAT participants are less likely to be neutral than black participants. 
EXAMPLE More likely to “strongly or moderately disagree”
Are black IAT participants more likely than East Asian participants to strongly or moderately disagree that law enforcement officers should focus their attention on particular social groups?
Work
In this question we are comparing the Black and East Asians categories of the explanatory variable, Race. So we need to build two fractions with the totals for these explanatory variable categories in the denominators.
DenominatorsBlacksEast Asians?87?87?32?32The denominator is the total for Blacks. The denominator is
the total for East
Asians.
We are asked about two categories of the response variable, “strongly disagree” or “moderately disagree.” So, we need to add the values for each of these cells when conditioning on Black. And, we need to add the values for each of these cells when conditioning on East Asian.
NumeratorsBlacksEast Asians51+158751+158717+63217+632
The numerator,
51 + 15, is the sum of “Strongly Disagree” and “Moderately Disagree” given “Black.”
The numerator,
17 + 6, is the sum
of “Strongly
Disagree” and
“Moderately
Disagree” given
“Black.”
Now we calculate and compare the percentages.
Blacks: 51+1587=6687?0.759=75.9%51+1587=6687?0.759=75.9%
East Asians: 17+632=2332?0.719=71.9%17+632=2332?0.719=71.9%
The percentage of black IAt participants in the sample is greater than the percentage of East Asian participants. But, we do not yet know whether we can answer “yes” to the question, “Are black IAT participants more likely than East Asian participants to strongly or moderately disagree that law enforcement officers should focus their attention on particular social groups?”
We need to calculate the percent increase from the smaller percentage to the larger percentage.
Step 1: Subtract the percentages (large – small).
75.9 – 71.9 = 4
Step 2: Divide the difference by the original amount and convert to a percent. Since we are calculating the percent increase from the smaller percentage to the larger percentage, the smaller percentage is the original amount.
471.9?0.056=5.6%471.9?0.056=5.6%
The percent increase is too small! Since, 5.6% is less than 10%, we cannot answer “yes.”
Answer
Approximately 75.9% of black IAT participants in the sample strongly or moderately disagree that law enforcement officers should focus their attention on particular social groups. Whereas, approximately 71.9% of East Asian participants strongly or moderately disagree. The percent increase from whites to East Asians is only 5.6%, so we cannot conclude that black IAT participants are more likely to strongly or moderately disagree. We randomly selected 1,200 participants form the 2020 Race IAT. Below is the two-way table for the sample with the row variable Race and the column variable Crime-Focus. Here is a description of each variable.
Actual Prompt:
We randomly selected 1,200 participants form the 2020 Race IAT. Below is the two-way table for the sample with the row variable Race and the column variable Crime-Focus. Here is a description of each variable.
Race: IAT participants’ self-reported race.
Crime-Focus: IAT participants response to the statement, “Law enforcement officers should pay particular attention to those social groups more heavily involved in crime, even if this means focusing on members of particular ethnic groups.”
Race IAT: Race vs Crime-Focus
Strongly DisagreeModerately DisagreeSlightly DisagreeNeutralSlightly
AgreeModerately
AgreeStrongly
AgreeRow TotalsAmer Indian/
Alaskan Native31101006East Asian1765130032South Asian1641120125Native Hawaiian/
Pacific Islander30110005Black/
African Am511571101287White40018072831444121941Other/
Unknown2374445148Multiracial3463731256
Respond to each of the following questions. Be sure to number your responses, show your work, and write your answers in context as we did on the previous page.
- Are black IAT participants more likely than whites to strongly agree that law enforcement officers should focus their attention on particular social groups?
- Are white IAT participants more likely than multiracial participants to moderately or strongly agree that law enforcement officers should focus their attention on particular social groups?
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