For each of the following fluid types, select a North American field which contains these fluids and describe the actual or expected fluid properties in as much detail as possible (for example oil density and viscosity, gas oil ratio, oil volume factor, bubble point pressure and temperature etc.):
- (a) Extra heavy oil (< 10 °API);
- (b) Medium (black) oil (22° to 31° API);
(c) Volatile oil (> 45° API).
(d) Explain in detail how the fluid property type influences field development plans (e.g. no. of wells, production rates, recovery factor, artificial lift requirements etc.) and use each of the above fields as examples.
Question 2
- (a) For a new field development explain how a reservoir model, e.g. material balance, predicts parameters such as reservoir pressure, production rates of each phase (oil, water, and gas) and the estimated ultimate recovery of oil. Explain how the recovery factor could be maximised.
- (b) Select two North Sea oil fields, one with a high recovery factor (> 65%) and one with a low recovery factor (< 20%) and explain in detail the key factors that have resulted in such reservoir performance.
0 comments