1. The map below is the Global Annual Temperature Ranges map from your textbook, Fig. 3.28, (in Chapter 3). Central Canada and the Southern tip of South America are both located at high latitudes, about 60°N and 60° S respectively. Despite this similarity, Central Canada experiences a much colder winter temperature than the Southern tip of South America. Which temperature control factors explain this difference? (5 points)
All temperatures in your textbook maps are in degrees Centigrade or Celsius, so if you want to use the Fahrenheit scale, the conversion is included in a scale below the map.
2. The South Pole (90 ° S), has the lowest annual average temperature on Earth. Amazingly though, when measured over an entire year, the South Pole receives an average of 12 hours of sunlight per day — much the same as all other locations on Earth. Since the length of sunlight can’t adequately explain the extreme cold, what does? Explain all the factors that play a role in this process. (4 points)
3. Explain why Mt. Diablo records a maximum temperature of 86.8° F while San Francisco has a maximum of only 70° F. (3 points)
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4. Why does San Francisco record its summer maximum in the month of September while Mt. Diablo records its summer maximum in the month of July? (3 points)
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5. You decide to hike up to Glacier Point in Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range.
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The elevation at the trailhead where you start your climb is 3,000 ft. If the outside air temperature at the trailhead at 3,000 ft. is 72ºF. You also find the weather conditions average in terms of normal lapse rate in the troposphere. Given these conditions, what would air temperature be (in º F) at the summit (elevation 7,000 ft) at the same time of your 72ºF reading at the trailhead? (3 points)
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6. During the 15th to 17th centuries, which winds would Spanish and Portuguese sailors (such as Christopher Columbus) have used, to sail from Spain in Western Europe to the Caribbean islands in Central America? Name the wind belt in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Be specific and include the exact direction in the name of the Wind belt. (3 points)
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7. Which winds would Columbus and his crew, have needed, to return from the Americas to the west coast of Europe? Name the wind belt in the Northern Hemisphere. Be specific and include the exact direction in the name of the Wind belt. (3 points)
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8. In the Southern Hemisphere, the Northwesterlies blowing along the 40°S latitudinal belt are called “Roaring Forties,” while the Northwesterlies along 50°S latitudinal belt are called “Furious Fifties,” and Northwesterlies along 60°S latitudinal belt are called “Shrieking Sixties.” Why do these winds blow at high speeds in these higher latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere? (3 points)
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9. Read the following poem and then answer the question that follows:
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FOG by Carl Sandburg
The fog comes
on little cat feet
it sits looking
over harbor and city
on silent haunches
and then moves on.
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What conditions would most likely create fog that would “come in” over a harbor and city and then move on? What type of fog is this likely to be? Explain why you think so. (4 points)
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10. Read the following lines of the poem and then answer the question that follows:
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COVERING CLOUDS by Mfena Ortswen
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Layers of white clouds
Masks Sunday afternoon’s sky
Bright blue barely seen
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What possible cloud type/types can you identify? Explain your choices. (3 points)
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11. The following graphics are rainfall graphs for two stations, Seattle, in Washington state and Yakima, Washington state. Seattle receives an annual average rainfall of 37 inches whereas the average annual rainfall for Yakima is 8 inches. Explain how and why the two locations, Seattle and Yakima, experience such a difference in their rainfall totals. (6 points)
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12. Examine the temperature graphs of Los Angeles (California) and Lubbock (Texas) above.
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Notice the difference in the Annual Range of temperature (difference between the maximum and the minimum temperature) for these two cities. Lubbock has a much greater range of temperature than Los Angeles. Identify and explain the principal temperature control factor/s responsible for the contrasts in temperature patterns for these two weather stations. If you are not sure about their locations, use Google maps to locate the two cities before you do anything else. (5 points)
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13. Examine the temperature graphs of Sacramento (California) and Salt Lake City (Utah) above.
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Notice the contrast in the Annual Range of temperature (difference between the maximum and the minimum temperature) for these two cities. Identify and explain the principal temperature control factor/s responsible for determining the temperature patterns for these two weather stations. If you are not sure about their locations, use Google maps to locate the two cities before you do anything else. (5 points)
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14. Examine the temperature graphs of Baton Rouge (Louisiana) and Boston (Massachusetts) above.
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Notice the difference in the Annual Range of temperature (difference between the maximum and the minimum temperature) for these two cities. Identify and explain the principal temperature control factor/s responsible for the contrasts in temperature patterns for these two weather stations. If you are not sure about their locations, use Google maps to locate the two cities before you do anything else. (5 points)
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15. Examine the temperature graphs of Albany (New York) and Miami (Florida) above.
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Notice the difference in the Annual Range of temperature (difference between the maximum and the minimum temperature) for these two cities. Identify and explain the principal temperature control factor/s responsible for the contrasts in temperature patterns for these two weather stations. If you are not sure about their locations, use Google maps to locate the two cities before you do anything else. (5 points)
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