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When critically appraising quantitative studies, factors such as validity, reliability, and applicability all need to be considered. It is important to know the study design, validity, and applicability of it to patient care. The ultimate goal of evidence-based practice is to improve patient care and provide optimal care. In research, validity is the extent to which the methods/conclusions of a study points out the truth. There are two parts to validity when it comes to research studies: internal validity (are there any bias) and external validity (can results be applicable to a different population type) (ECU Libraries, 2021). Bias should be avoided by researchers when collecting research data or it can occur when a population is being sampled. Having to have an increase in sample size will not bring a change in systematic bias. Reliability determines the effectiveness of the study. In other words, it can be used to see how trustworthy the research is. Applicability can be described as the extent to which a research study can relate to practice setting. Also, one other factor to consider is to see if the findings of the study are consistent with other studies. Identifying if researchers have any conflict of interest is also a key factor. If the research is funded commercially and there is a conflict of interest, interpretation of the study cannot be considered to be valid (Pinchbeck & Archer, 2020).
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