FNU Synthesis of Proteins and Cholesterol Question

0.4 PointsA liquid with a pH of 7 is considered a(n) ____ solution.

1. hydrophilic
2. acidic
3. basic
4. hydrochloric
5. neutral

0.4 PointsThe smooth ER is the primary site for the synthesis of proteins and cholesterol needed to make membranes.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsOne of the conclusions drawn from Darwin’s theory of evolution is that:

1. living organisms contain substances produced by cells
2. genetic information can pass from organism to organism by means of DNA
3. organisms living today descended with modifications from previously existing forms
4. existing organisms can adapt to environmental changes
5. living organisms are composed of basic units called cells

0.4 PointsHow does a prokaryotic cell differ from a eukaryotic cell?

1. A prokaryotic cell has a plasma membrane.
2. A prokaryotic cell contains organelles.
3. A prokaryotic cell has no membrane-enclosed organelles.
4. A prokaryotic cell has a nucleus.
5. A prokaryotic cell has DNA.

0.4 Points____ are loosely associated with the phospholipid bilayer, whereas ____ are tightly bound to it.

1. Integral proteins; peripheral proteins
2. Glycolipids; glycoproteins
3. Integral proteins; glycoproteins
4. Peripheral proteins; integral proteins
5. Glycoproteins; peripheral proteins

0.4 PointsIf you observe a cell that contains organelles, then that cell is most likely a(n) prokaryote. __________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsAdenylyl cyclase catalyzes the reaction in which:

1. a protein is phosphorylated.
2. PIP2 is split.
3. ATP is converted to cAMP.
4. GTP is converted to GDP.
5. calcium ions bind calmodulin.

0.4 PointsA hypothesis can best be described as a(n):

1. tentative explanation
2. observation
3. stepwise problem-solving approach
4. conclusion
5. data point

0.4 PointsHow do the phospholipids in vegetable oil differ from those of animal fat?

1. The fatty acid tails interact via van der Waals forces.
2. The fatty acid tails bend.
3. The fatty acid tails are a chain of saturated fats.
4. The fatty acid tails solidify at room temperature.
5. The fatty acid tails lack double bonds.

0.4 PointsSince sodium-potassium pumps transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into a cell, what type of carrier proteins are they?

1. ion pumps
2. antiporters
3. symporters
4. uniporters
5. ABC transporter

0.4 PointsPeroxisomes are found in large numbers in cells that synthesize, store, and degrade lipids, and one of their functions is to break down protein molecules.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsAn organism that reproduces asexually produces genetically variable offspring.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsA falsifiable hypothesis cannot be tested.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsIn the experimental evaluation of a new drug, what is the purpose of a placebo?

1. A placebo prevents errors in recording of the data.
2. A placebo removes the potential psychological bias of the patient in the study.
3. A placebo removes the bias of the physician in charge of the experiment.
4. A placebo prevents sampling errors from compromising the results of the experiment.
5. A placebo increases the sample size.

0.4 PointsPlasmolysis occurs in plant cells when the soil or water contains low concentration of salts or fertilizers.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsHow are integral proteins unique in cell membranes?

1. They are weakly bound to the surface of the membrane.
2. They are only located on the inner side of a membrane.
3. They are completely embedded within the lipid bilayer with no exposure to the internal cell environment.
4. They are firmly bound to the membrane and can only be released with a detergent.
5. They have no hydrophobic portions.

0.4 PointsSimilar orders are placed in the same class.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsThe force necessary to cause microtubules of cilia and flagella to slide alongside one another is provided through the action of ____ proteins, which derive the energy to perform their work directly from ____ molecules.

1. dynein; ADP
2. tubulin; ATP
3. kinesin; glucose
4. kinesin; ADP
5. dynein; ATP

0.4 PointsSodium-potassium pumps maintain a(n) electrochemical gradient.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsA glycoprotein destined for secretion from the cell would move through the Golgi complex which sequence?

1. trans face to cis face to medial region
2. cis face to trans face to medial region
3. trans face to medial region to cis face
4. medial face to trans face to cis face
5. cis face to medial region to trans face

0.4 PointsThe sodium–potassium pump is a carrier protein that maintains a(n) ____ gradient across the plasma membrane.

1. phosphorous
2. electrochemical
3. concentration
4. polar
5. nonpolar

0.4 PointsThe primary purpose of homeostasis is to:

1. provide unlimited growth within an organism
2. accept responses to stimuli
3. convert an organism to live in a harmful environment
4. allow unrestricted movement of an organism
5. maintain a constant internal environment

0.4 PointsFigure 5-2

Consider the cellular process illustrated in the accompanying figure. What substance would most likely be used to transport?

1. glucose
2. potassium ions
3. hormones
4. bacteria
5. carbon dioxide

0.4 PointsAt what temperature is water most dense?

1. 1 degree Celsius
2. 100 degrees Celsius
3. 10 degrees Celsius
4. 4 degrees Celsius
5. 0 degrees Celsius

0.4 PointsLDL cholesterol is taken into the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsIf solution of A is hypotonic to B, then the direction of net movement of water is B to A .__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsProteins made on ribosomes may be further modified within which organelle?

1. Golgi complex.
2. nucleus.
3. lysosomes.
4. mitochondria.
5. peroxisomes.

0.4 PointsHow are hormones produced by endocrine glands typically transported to target cells?

1. across a synapse
2. through the air
3. in the blood
4. via direct contact
5. in interstitial fluid

0.4 PointsIn a lipid bilayer, __________ fatty acid tails face each other within the bilayer and form a region that excludes water.

1. hypertonic
2. hypotonic
3. hyperosmotic
4. hydrophobic
5. hydrophilic

0.4 PointsInformation in living organisms is transmitted by which mechanism(s)?

1. hormones only
2. neurotransmitters only
3. genes and hormones
4. genes only
5. genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters

0.4 PointsCells that secrete large amounts of glycoprotein have many Golgi stacks.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsOsmotic pressure of a solution is the amount of pressure exerted on the side of the selectively permeable containing a higher concentration of solute to prevent diffusion of solute.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsSimilar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same:

1. kingdom
2. class
3. phylum
4. order
5. genus

0.4 PointsA transmembrane protein differs from other membrane proteins because it:

1. is covalently linked to the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
2. is completely embedded within the membrane.
3. is attached to the inside of the membrane by an ionic bond.
4. is a glycoprotein with carbohydrates attached.
5. completely extends through the membrane.

0.4 PointsMatch the type of bond or interaction with its description.PromptsSubmitted Answers

1. Question 8Strong attractive force resulting from the transfer of electrons between atomsChoose a match
2. Question 8Strong attractive force resulting from the sharing of electrons between atomsChoose a match
3. Question 8Very weak attractive force joining nonpolar moleculesChoose a match
4. Question 8Holds adjacent water molecules togetherChoose a match

0.4 PointsAn organism that is eukaryotic is by definition:

1. possesses organ systems
2. is unicellular
3. possesses a nucleus
4. belongs to domain Bacteria
5. is a protist

0.4 PointsSuppose a particular protein is produced in excess of the cell’s needs. What kind of mechanism will intervene to stop production?

1. anabolic
2. metabolic
3. homeostatic
4. respiratory
5. growth

0.4 PointsHow do gap junctions differ from desmosomes?

1. A gap junction can control the passage of materials between cells.
2. A gap junction bridges the space between cells.
3. A gap junction requires the use of ATP to open and close its channels.
4. A gap junction provides communication between cells.
5. A gap junction is a much larger space between cells.

0.4 PointsIn scanning electron microscopy, an electron beam passes through a very thin slice of a specimen and then falls onto a photographic plate or a fluorescent screen.

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsThe atomic mass determines the type of element.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsA base is defined as a(n) _____ acceptor.

1. cation
2. proton
3. neutron
4. anion
5. electron

0.4 PointsPeripheral proteins are linked to either surface of the plasma membrane by:

1. covalent disulfide bonds.
2. associating with fatty acids through hydrophobic interactions.
3. associating with glycoproteins on the inner membrane surface.
4. embedding in one side of the membrane and, thus, not extending through to the other side.
5. bonding to integral proteins through noncovalent interactions.

0.4 PointsThe largest and most complex assembly of proteins in most eukaryotic cells are the:

1. chromosomes
2. ribosomes
3. smooth ER
4. nuclear pores
5. flagella

0.4 PointsA chlorine atom has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. What is its atomic mass?

1. 17 amu
2. 306 amu
3. 1 amu
4. 18 amu
5. 35 amu

0.4 PointsDuring an infection, white blood cells travel to the infected site and phagocytize the pathogens. After phagocytosis, primary lysosomes fuse with the phagocytic vesicle to form a larger vesicle called a secondary lysosome. The purpose for this process is to:

1. degrade the bacteria and export it from the cell.
2. wrap the pathogen in additional membrane, rendering them harmless.
3. coat the bacteria in lipids derived from the Golgi complex, which cover and smother them.
4. mix the pathogens with strong hydrolytic enzymes and destroy them.
5. introduce antibodies to the phagocytic vesicles.

0.4 PointsIon channels are found in the plasma membranes of neurons and muscle cells.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsIn the cAMP signal transduction pathway, a protein kinase is activated. What happens next/

1. GDP is replaced by GTP.
2. cAMP is converted to ATP.
3. Adenylyl cyclase is activated.
4. G protein is activated.
5. The protein kinase activates a cellular response.

0.4 PointsMost intracellular receptors are what type of protein?

1. DNA
2. transcription factors
3. enzymes
4. neurotransmitters
5. steroids

0.4 PointsA DNA molecule is made up of:

1. carbohydrates
2. proteins
3. nucleotides
4. fatty acids
5. lipids

0.4 PointsIn the sodium-potassium pump, sodium ion release causes two K+ ions to be released into the cell.__________________

1. True
2. False