FNU Circular DNA Molecule & Sister Chromatids Questionnaire

0.4 Points____ are loosely associated with the phospholipid bilayer, whereas ____ are tightly bound to it.

1. Peripheral proteins; integral proteins
2. Integral proteins; peripheral proteins
3. Glycoproteins; peripheral proteins
4. Integral proteins; glycoproteins
5. Glycolipids; glycoproteins

0.4 Points____ contain identical DNA sequences and are held together by ____ during mitosis.

1. Daughter chromosomes; hydrogen bonding
2. Daughter chromosomes; ionic bonding
3. Sister chromatids; spindle fibers
4. Sister chromosomes; histone proteins
5. Sister chromatids; cohesin proteins

0.4 Points____ organized on chromosomes carry the information that controls the functions of the cell.

1. Proteins
2. Nucleosomes
3. Asters
4. Genes
5. Histones

0.4 PointsA bacterial chromosome consists of a:

1. linear DNA molecule many times larger than the cell.
2. circular DNA molecule many times larger than the cell.
3. circular DNA molecule smaller than the cell.
4. linear DNA molecule smaller than the cell.
5. linear or circular DNA molecule smaller than the cell.

0.4 PointsA basal body anchors what part of a cell?

1. ribosome
2. thylakoid
3. centriole
4. flagellum
5. lysosome

0.4 PointsA cell is dividing by binary fission. What can you conclude?

1. Mitosis has taken place without cytokinesis.
2. Homologous chromosomes have already paired.
3. The cyclin-Cdk complex is no longer phosphorylating enzymes.
4. The cell cycle is out of control.
5. The cell is prokaryotic.

0.4 PointsA glycoprotein destined for secretion from the cell would move through the Golgi complex which sequence?

1. cis face to medial region to trans face
2. trans face to cis face to medial region
3. trans face to medial region to cis face
4. cis face to trans face to medial region
5. medial face to trans face to cis face

0.4 PointsA patient who has had a severe hemorrhage accidentally receives a large transfusion of distilled water directly into a major blood vessel. What effect will this have on the patient?

1. It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of bacteria.
2. It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because there would be too much fluid to pump.
3. It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because the red blood cells could shrink.
4. It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because the red blood cells could swell and burst.
5. It will have no serious effect because the kidney could quickly eliminate excess water.

0.4 PointsA person has a genetic disease that prevents the phospholipids in the plasma membrane of the white blood cells from freely fusing with the other membranes within the cell. How would this disease affect phagocytosis?

1. Endocytosis would not occur.
2. Lysosomes would not be formed.
3. Facilitated diffusion would not occur.
4. Lysosomes would be formed lacking hydrolytic enzymes.
5. The phagocytic vacuole would not fuse with the lysosome.

0.4 PointsA receptor on the cell surface usually has several domains. What is the function of the external domain?

1. It function is as an enzyme.
2. It attaches the receptor to the DNA.
3. It holds the receptor within the membrane.
4. It transmits the signal to the inside of the cell.
5. It is the docking site for a signaling molecule.

0.4 PointsA single cell in a smoker’s lung has become cancerous. It doubles its DNA and divides much faster than a normal lung cell. The most likely change that would have caused this condition took place in the:

1. nucleus.
2. nucleolus.
3. lysosome.
4. microtubule.
5. mitochondria.

0.4 PointsA transmembrane protein differs from other membrane proteins because it:

1. completely extends through the membrane.
2. is a glycoprotein with carbohydrates attached.
3. is completely embedded within the membrane.
4. is attached to the inside of the membrane by an ionic bond.
5. is covalently linked to the outer surface of the plasma membrane.

0.4 PointsA wilted flower placed in a vase of water for several hours became stiff and stood erect. When it was placed in a salt solution, it wilted. From this information, we can say that the cells of the flower are:

1. hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution.
2. hypertonic to both the fresh water and the salt solution.
3. hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.
4. hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution.
5. isotonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.

0.4 PointsAdenylyl cyclase catalyzes the reaction in which:

1. PIP2 is split.
2. ATP is converted to cAMP.
3. GTP is converted to GDP.
4. a protein is phosphorylated.
5. calcium ions bind calmodulin.

0.4 PointsAlthough glucose molecules constantly diffuse into a red blood cell along their concentration gradient, equilibrium is never reached and a steep concentration gradient is continually maintained. What causes this?

1. The active transport of glucose
2. The very fast turnover rate of glucose metabolism
3. The ability of the cell to engulf glucose by pinocytosis
4. The continuous excretion of glucose from other parts of the cell
5. The rapid and continuous addition of phosphates onto the glucose molecules

0.4 PointsAn animal with a diploid number of 36 chromosomes will have ____ chromosomes in its gametes and ____ chromosomes in its somatic cells.

1. 18; 18
2. 18; 36
3. 36; 18
4. 36; 36
5. 36; 72

0.4 PointsAs a result of testing an experimental drip on a vertebrate cell, you notice that the cell cortex becomes more fluid, and although the cell remains strong, it loses its ability to move. Based on this evidence, you correctly conclude that the drug most directly affected:

1. myosin.
2. β-tubulin.
3. α-tubulin.
4. actin filaments.
5. intermediate filaments.

0.4 PointsBarbiturates and benzodiazepine drugs bind to GABA receptors to open chloride channels, inhibit neural impulse, and induce tranquility.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.4 PointsFigure 4-1

Based on your knowledge of basic geometric relationships, what is the actual surface area to volume ratio for Figure B in the accompanying figure?

1. 0.01
2. 0.06
3. 0.6
4. 100
5. 1,000

0.4 PointsChoanoflagellates have been important for the study of cell communication evolution because choanoflagellates have:

1. protein kinases similar to those in animals.
2. G proteins different from those in prokaryotes.
3. signaling molecules similar to those of other protists.
4. signal transduction pathways unlike those in other bacteria.
5. signal transduction pathways that interfere with the cells they infect.

0.4 PointsChromosomes are duplicated during the ____ of the cell cycle.

1. G1 phase
2. G2 phase
3. S phase
4. metaphase
5. prophase

0.4 PointsCytokinesis in animal cells involves contraction of a ring of ____ microfilaments.

1. tubulin plus actin
2. actin plus myosin
3. cyclin plus myosin
4. cohesin plus actin
5. cyclin plus actin

0.4 PointsCytokinesis in plant cells occurs via the formation of a(n):

1. aster.
2. mitotic spindle.
3. Golgi complex.
4. cell wall.
5. cell plate.

0.4 PointsDNA is associated with RNA and certain proteins, forming a complex called:

1. chromosomes.
2. chromatin.
3. nucleoli.
4. nucleus.
5. genes.

0.4 PointsDNA must transcribe its information into what type of molecule before leaving the nucleus and entering the cytoplasm?

1. RNA
2. mRNA
3. myosin
4. polypeptide
5. chromosomes

0.4 PointsDuring an infection, white blood cells travel to the infected site and phagocytize the pathogens. After phagocytosis, primary lysosomes fuse with the phagocytic vesicle to form a larger vesicle called a secondary lysosome. The purpose for this process is to:

1. introduce antibodies to the phagocytic vesicles.
2. degrade the bacteria and export it from the cell.
3. wrap the pathogen in additional membrane, rendering them harmless.
4. mix the pathogens with strong hydrolytic enzymes and destroy them.
5. coat the bacteria in lipids derived from the Golgi complex, which cover and smother them.

0.4 PointsDuring enzyme-linked reception, signal molecules bind to two tyrosine kinase receptors. The receptor proteins move closer together in the plasma membrane and pair, forming a(n) ____.

1. gate
2. dimer
3. pathway
4. polypeptide chain
5. protein kinase cascade

0.4 PointsDuring phagocytosis, what may fuse with the vacuole to further degrade the ingested material?

1. ligand
2. receptor
3. lysosome
4. phosphate
5. desmosome

0.4 PointsDuring which stage of meiosis do the sister chromatids separate?

1. metaphase I
2. anaphase I
3. metaphase II
4. anaphase II
5. telophase II

0.4 PointsEukaryotic chromosomes are composed of:

1. proteins only.
2. chromatin.
3. DNA only.
4. circular chromatin.
5. karyotypes.

0.4 PointsEukaryotic chromosomes consist of:

1. circular DNA molecules complexed with positively charged nonhistone proteins.
2. circular DNA molecules complexed with negatively charged histone proteins.
3. linear DNA molecules complexed with positively charged histone proteins.
4. linear DNA molecules complexed with negatively charged histone proteins.
5. circular DNA molecules folded to fit inside a bacterial cell.

0.4 PointsEvidence that all living cells have a common origin is best illustrated by the:

1. basic similarities in cell structure and chemistry.
2. fact that all new cells come from previously existing cells.
3. cell theory, which states that the cell is the basic unit of life.
4. fact that cells are the building blocks of the most complex plants.
5. idea that cells are the smallest units that can carry out all life activities.

0.4 PointsHomologous chromosomes can be identified and/or characterized by:

1. their similar and characteristic staining patterns.
2. the different centromere positions in the maternal vs. paternal chromosomes.
3. those chromosomes that do not have partners.
4. paternal chromosomes only.
5. maternal chromosomes only.

0.4 PointsHomologous chromosomes undergo synapsis during:

1. anaphase I.
2. prophase I.
3. anaphase II.
4. telophase II.
5. prophase II.

0.4 PointsHow are hormones produced by endocrine glands typically transported to target cells?

1. in the blood
2. through the air
3. across a synapse
4. via direct contact
5. in interstitial fluid

0.4 PointsHow are integral proteins unique in cell membranes?

1. They have no hydrophobic portions.
2. They are weakly bound to the surface of the membrane.
3. They are only located on the inner side of a membrane.
4. They are firmly bound to the membrane and can only be released with a detergent.
5. They are completely embedded within the lipid bilayer with no exposure to the internal cell environment.

0.4 PointsHow do gap junctions differ from desmosomes?

1. A gap junction bridges the space between cells.
2. A gap junction is a much larger space between cells.
3. A gap junction provides communication between cells.
4. A gap junction can control the passage of materials between cells.
5. A gap junction requires the use of ATP to open and close its channels.

0.4 PointsHow do the phospholipids in vegetable oil differ from those of animal fat?

1. The fatty acid tails bend.
2. The fatty acid tails lack double bonds.
3. The fatty acid tails are a chain of saturated fats.
4. The fatty acid tails solidify at room temperature.
5. The fatty acid tails interact via van der Waals forces.

0.4 PointsIf the concentration of solutes in a cell is less than the concentration of solutes in the surrounding fluid, then the extracellular fluid is said to be:

1. stable.
2. isotonic.
3. hypotonic.
4. hypertonic.
5. amphipathic.

0.4 PointsIn cells that are constantly involved in secretion, an equivalent amount of membrane must be returned to the interior of the cell for each vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane; if this does not occur, then what would happen?

1. The cell surface would shrivel.
2. The cell surface will keep expanding.
3. The surface area would remain constant.
4. The number of membrane receptor proteins would decrease.
5. The ratio of cell surface would decrease, compared to cell volume.

0.4 PointsIn the IP3 pathway, what is the function of IP3?

1. Activate protein kinase C.
2. Activate phospholipase C.
3. Phosphorylate a protein.
4. Bind calcium channels in the ER.
5. Activate adenylyl cyclase.

0.4 PointsMost intracellular receptors are what type of protein?

1. DNA
2. steroids
3. enzymes
4. neurotransmitters
5. transcription factors

0.4 PointsNucleosomes are best described as:

1. eukaryotic DNA associated with histone proteins.
2. prokaryotic DNA associated with nonhistone proteins.
3. eukaryotic DNA associated with nonhistone proteins.
4. prokaryotic DNA associated with histone proteins.
5. eukaryotic DNA associated with scaffolding proteins.

0.4 PointsOnce nerve cells become mature, they do not typically undergo cell division. Based on your knowledge of the cell cycle, you might predict that mature nerve cells become arrested in the ____ of the cell cycle.

1. G0 phase
2. S phase
3. prophase
4. G1 phase
5. G2 phase

0.4 PointsPeripheral proteins are linked to either surface of the plasma membrane by:

1. covalent disulfide bonds.
2. associating with fatty acids through hydrophobic interactions.
3. associating with glycoproteins on the inner membrane surface.
4. bonding to integral proteins through noncovalent interactions.
5. embedding in one side of the membrane and, thus, not extending through to the other side.

0.4 PointsPhospholipase C catalyzes the reaction in which:

1. PIP2 is split.
2. IP3 is converted to DAG.
3. a protein kinase is activated.
4. DAG is converted to PIP2.
5. calcium ions are released from the ER.

0.4 PointsPlant hormones known as ____ stimulate mitosis.

1. scaffolding proteins
2. growth factors
3. cytokinins
4. cyclins
5. cohesins

0.4 PointsPlasmodesmata of plant cells are functionally equivalent to the ____ of animal cells.

1. vesicles
2. gap junctions
3. tight junctions
4. anchoring junctions
5. cell surface receptors

0.4 PointsProteins made on ribosomes may be further modified within which organelle?

1. nucleus.
2. lysosomes.
3. mitochondria.
4. Golgi complex.
5. peroxisomes.

0.4 PointsSince sodium-potassium pumps transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into a cell, what type of carrier proteins are they?

1. ion pumps
2. uniporters
3. symporters
4. antiporters
5. ABC transporter