FNU Cells and Cellular Processes Multiple Choice Questions

0.25 PointsIn the experiment in which Frye and Edidin fused the plasma membranes of a mouse and a human cell, what happened to the membrane proteins?

1. They moved laterally across the cell surface.
2. They formed a bilayer.
3. They flip-flopped from one layer to the other.
4. They reacted with cholesterol molecules on the membrane surface.
5. They formed a spherical structure.

0.25 PointsFigure 5-2

Consider the cellular process illustrated in the accompanying figure. What substance would most likely be used to transport?

1. hormones
2. carbon dioxide
3. potassium ions
4. glucose
5. bacteria

0.25 PointsHow do gap junctions differ from desmosomes?

1. A gap junction requires the use of ATP to open and close its channels.
2. A gap junction provides communication between cells.
3. A gap junction bridges the space between cells.
4. A gap junction is a much larger space between cells.
5. A gap junction can control the passage of materials between cells.

0.25 PointsFigure 5-3
In the accompanying figure, what is the role of the structures between the membranes?

1. They provide structure to plant cells.
2. They allow the transport of small molecules and ions between adjacent cells.
3. They allow passage of materials through intercellular spaces.
4. They provide anchorage points between adjacent cells.
5. They prevent the passage of materials through intercellular spaces.

0.25 PointsWhat is the passive movement of water along a concentration gradient?

1. cotransport
2. simple diffusion
3. facilitated diffusion
4. osmosis
5. plasmolysis

0.25 PointsIn cells that are constantly involved in secretion, an equivalent amount of membrane must be returned to the interior of the cell for each vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane; if this does not occur, then what would happen?

1. The ratio of cell surface would decrease, compared to cell volume.
2. The surface area would remain constant.
3. The number of membrane receptor proteins would decrease.
4. The cell surface would shrivel.
5. The cell surface will keep expanding.

0.25 Points____ are loosely associated with the phospholipid bilayer, whereas ____ are tightly bound to it.

1. Peripheral proteins; integral proteins
2. Integral proteins; peripheral proteins
3. Glycoproteins; peripheral proteins
4. Glycolipids; glycoproteins
5. Integral proteins; glycoproteins

0.25 PointsIf phospholipids form a spherical structure when placed in water, then which of the following is the most logical conclusion about those phospholipid molecules?

1. They are cone-shaped.
2. They contain two fatty acid chains.
3. They form a bilayer.
4. They are not amphipathic.
5. They have two hydrophilic ends.

0.25 PointsWhat does an ABC transporter use to transport larger ions and molecules across the cell membrane?

1. porins
2. signals
3. ATP
4. water
5. tunnels

0.25 PointsHow do the phospholipids in vegetable oil differ from those of animal fat?

1. The fatty acid tails lack double bonds.
2. The fatty acid tails are a chain of saturated fats.
3. The fatty acid tails interact via van der Waals forces.
4. The fatty acid tails bend.
5. The fatty acid tails solidify at room temperature.

0.25 PointsDuring phagocytosis, what may fuse with the vacuole to further degrade the ingested material?

1. lysosome
2. receptor
3. ligand
4. phosphate
5. desmosome

0.25 PointsOnce ligand molecules bind to receptors in coated pits of a plasma membrane, the next step of receptor-mediated endocytisis would be:

1. contents of secondary lysosome are digested and released into the cytosol
2. coating detaches from vesicle
3. ligands separate from receptors, which are recycled
4. coated vesicle forms by endocytosis
5. endosome fuses with primary lysosome, forming secondary lysosome

0.25 PointsWhat happens during the cotransport of glucose and sodium ions?

1. Sodium ions are transported down their concentration gradient.
2. Sodium ions are transported against their concentration gradient.
3. ATP causes a conformational change in the carrier protein.
4. Glucose molecules are transported against their concentration gradient.
5. The transport of glucose powers the transport of sodium.

0.25 PointsSince sodium-potassium pumps transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into a cell, what type of carrier proteins are they?

1. ABC transporter
2. antiporters
3. uniporters
4. ion pumps
5. symporters

0.25 PointsFigure 5-1

Refer to the accompanying figure. Which best describes the red blood cells in Figure B?

1. These red blood cells have swollen in response to a hypotonic external solution.
2. These red blood cells have shrunken in response to a hypotonic external solution.
3. These red blood cells have swollen in response to a hypertonic external solution.
4. These red blood cells have shrunken in response to a hypertonic external solution.
5. These red blood cells have been placed in an isotonic solution.

0.25 PointsWhat type of cellular junction cements cells together that use cadherins as a belt around each cell?

1. gap junctions
2. desmosomes
3. plasmodesmata
4. tight junctions
5. adhering junctions

0.25 PointsIn a lipid bilayer, __________ fatty acid tails face each other within the bilayer and form a region that excludes water.

1. hyperosmotic
2. hydrophobic
3. hypertonic
4. hydrophilic
5. hypotonic

0.25 PointsBiological membranes are one dimensional fluids.__________________

1. True
2. False

0.25 PointsA transmembrane protein differs from other membrane proteins because it:

1. completely extends through the membrane.
2. is covalently linked to the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
3. is completely embedded within the membrane.
4. is a glycoprotein with carbohydrates attached.
5. is attached to the inside of the membrane by an ionic bond.

0.25 PointsWhat is required for facilitated diffusion to take place?

1. the transport of large food particles
2. energy from ATP
3. movement down a concentration gradient
4. the transport of small nonpolar molecules
5. a transmembrane protein

0.25 PointsFigure 5-2

What cellular process is represented in the accompanying figure?

1. facilitated diffusion
2. lysis
3. exocytosis
4. pinocytosis
5. cotransport

0.25 PointsThe term “fluid mosaic model” refers to the:

1. movement of surface proteins through the membrane.
2. method of substance transport across the membrane.
3. solubility of water in the membrane.
4. movement of lipids and integral proteins within the lipid bilayer.
5. diffusion of lipid-soluble substances through the lipid bilayer.

0.25 PointsIf the concentration of solutes in a cell is less than the concentration of solutes in the surrounding fluid, then the extracellular fluid is said to be:

1. stable.
2. hypertonic.
3. hypotonic.
4. amphipathic.
5. isotonic.

0.25 PointsIn the accompanying figure, what is the form of cellular junction?

1. gap junctions
2. plasmodesmata
3. desmosomes
4. tight junctions
5. adhering junctions

0.25 PointsThe sodium–potassium pump is a carrier protein that maintains a(n) ____ gradient across the plasma membrane.

1. phosphorous
2. electrochemical
3. nonpolar
4. concentration
5. polar

0.25 PointsA patient who has had a severe hemorrhage accidentally receives a large transfusion of distilled water directly into a major blood vessel. What effect will this have on the patient?

1. It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because the red blood cells could shrink.
2. It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of bacteria.
3. It will have no serious effect because the kidney could quickly eliminate excess water.
4. It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because the red blood cells could swell and burst.
5. It will have serious, perhaps fatal consequences because there would be too much fluid to pump.

0.25 PointsCompare and contrast simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.

0.25 PointsA person has a genetic disease that prevents the phospholipids in the plasma membrane of the white blood cells from freely fusing with the other membranes within the cell. How would this disease affect phagocytosis?

1. Lysosomes would not be formed.
2. Lysosomes would be formed lacking hydrolytic enzymes.
3. Endocytosis would not occur.
4. The phagocytic vacuole would not fuse with the lysosome.
5. Facilitated diffusion would not occur.

0.25 PointsPeripheral proteins are linked to either surface of the plasma membrane by:

1. associating with fatty acids through hydrophobic interactions.
2. associating with glycoproteins on the inner membrane surface.
3. embedding in one side of the membrane and, thus, not extending through to the other side.
4. bonding to integral proteins through noncovalent interactions.
5. covalent disulfide bonds.

0.25 PointsWhat facilitate the rapid transport of water through the plasma membrane?

1. osmosis
2. uniporters
3. ABC transporters
4. aquaporins
5. channel proteins

0.25 PointsWhat method does a human white blood cell employ to engulf a bacterial cell?

1. exocytosis
2. phagocytosis
3. facilitated diffusion
4. pinocytosis
5. osmosis

0.25 PointsAlthough glucose molecules constantly diffuse into a red blood cell along their concentration gradient, equilibrium is never reached and a steep concentration gradient is continually maintained. What causes this?

1. The active transport of glucose
2. The continuous excretion of glucose from other parts of the cell
3. The ability of the cell to engulf glucose by pinocytosis
4. The rapid and continuous addition of phosphates onto the glucose molecules
5. The very fast turnover rate of glucose metabolism

0.25 PointsWhat process halts the net movement of water from a hypotonic solution into a plant’s cells and often provides the structural support to many plants?

1. facilitated diffusion
2. osmotic pressure
3. dynamic equilibrium
4. plasmolysis
5. turgur pressure

0.25 PointsHow are integral proteins unique in cell membranes?

1. They are only located on the inner side of a membrane.
2. They have no hydrophobic portions.
3. They are firmly bound to the membrane and can only be released with a detergent.
4. They are weakly bound to the surface of the membrane.
5. They are completely embedded within the lipid bilayer with no exposure to the internal cell environment.

0.25 PointsThe role of ATP in the sodium-potassium pump is to:

1. transfer protons to the inside of a cell.
2. assist a cell to release protons by exocytosis.
3. transfer protons to the outside of a cell.
4. assist a cell to take up protons by endocytosis.
5. assist a proton to bind to a carbohydrate.

0.25 PointsProteins that are destined to become associated with the inner surface of the plasma membrane are:

1. manufactured in the same way as proteins destined to become external peripheral proteins.
2. made on ribosomes located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
3. made on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
4. manufactured in the same way as protein hormones.
5. transported to the plasma membrane within a secretory vesicle.

0.25 PointsPlasmodesmata of plant cells are functionally equivalent to the ____ of animal cells.

1. tight junctions
2. anchoring junctions
3. vesicles
4. gap junctions
5. cell surface receptors

0.25 PointsWhat have studies of glucose transport in liposomes revealed?

1. Glucose phosphates move readily across the membrane by simple diffusion.
2. The binding of glucose triggers a conformational change in the carrier protein.
3. Glucose is transported against a concentration gradient.
4. The transport of solutes via carrier proteins is faster than via channel proteins.
5. Glucose moves readily across the membrane by simple diffusion.

0.25 PointsA wilted flower placed in a vase of water for several hours became stiff and stood erect. When it was placed in a salt solution, it wilted. From this information, we can say that the cells of the flower are:

1. hypertonic to both the fresh water and the salt solution.
2. hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution.
3. hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution.
4. hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.
5. isotonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution.

0.25 PointsFigure 5-1

Refer to the accompanying figure. Which best describes what is happening to the red blood cells in Figure A?

1. There has been a net flow of water out of the cell.
2. There has been no net water movement.
3. Pinocytosis has occurred.
4. Plasmolysis has occurred.
5. There has been a net flow of water into the cell.