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1.
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The apartheid system:
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a. [removed] was founded by whites in 1950.
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b. [removed] set up strict social, economic, and legal barriers amongst whites, blacks, and coloreds.
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c. [removed] influences criminal justice administration even today.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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2.
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Dysfunctional families are usually characterized by:
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a. [removed] a solid emotional support system for juveniles living with many family members.
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b. [removed] continuous social and emotional support from parents who, nevertheless, must face minor problems in the work place.
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c. [removed] emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and parents who have long repressed hostility and anger.
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d. [removed] strong social support for children based upon loving relationships between parents and children.
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3.
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The trend in China is to:
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a. [removed] place more and more youths on probation.
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b. [removed] move toward a more formal system of justice.
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c. [removed] place most juveniles in institutions for five or more years.
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d. [removed] both place more and more youths on probation and move toward a more formal system of justice.
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4.
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Police in Australia:
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a. [removed] arrest whenever possible.
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b. [removed] make little use of the formal and informal cautioning process.
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c. [removed] try hard to protect Aboriginal youth.
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d. [removed] none of the choices apply.
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5.
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The authors of the textbook believe that four key themes for turning juveniles lives around are:
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a. [removed] hope, habilitation, punishment, and reinforcement.
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b. [removed] modeling behavior, punishment, fear, and reinforcement.
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c. [removed] habilitation, honor, healing, and hope.
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d. [removed] punishment, fear, reinforcement, and behavior extinction.
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6.
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Which of the following does the United States have more of than most of the other industrialized nations of the world?
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a. [removed] More uneducated citizens
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b. [removed] Higher dropout rates
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c. [removed] Minimal reading skills
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d. [removed] All of the choices apply
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7.
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Developing countries governed by indigenous populations rely on rules:
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a. [removed] drawn up by legislators and codified in law books.
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b. [removed] passed down through the oral history of the country.
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c. [removed] enforced by family and community members.
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d. [removed] both passed down through the oral history of the country and enforced by family and community members.
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8.
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The restorative model focuses on which of the following ideas?
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a. [removed] Offenders must face consequences for their actions
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b. [removed] Enough sanctions should be developed to punish offenders quickly
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c. [removed] The offender’s family is partly responsible for the youth’s actions
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d. [removed] All of the choices apply
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9.
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Current trends suggest that in the future:
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a. [removed] more juveniles will be executed.
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b. [removed] fairness for minorities will increase.
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c. [removed] society will have more troubled teenagers.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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10.
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The purpose of family conferences is to implement the:
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a. [removed] crime control model.
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b. [removed] welfare model.
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c. [removed] restorative model.
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d. [removed] due process model.
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11.
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Structural changes needed in modern society to reduce the problems of the juvenile justice system include:
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a. [removed] a social structure sensitive to the needs of all social classes.
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b. [removed] a reorganization of neighborhoods to make them safe.
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c. [removed] schools that prepare youths for the realities of life after graduation.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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12.
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Juvenile justice in South Africa today is:
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a. [removed] just now being developed as a separate system from that of adults.
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b. [removed] well-developed and fair.
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c. [removed] accepted by nations as in need of a western model.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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13.
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Australian panels are being replaced by:
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a. [removed] police review boards.
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b. [removed] Magistrates’ Evaluation Boards.
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c. [removed] Family Conferences.
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d. [removed] Probation Assessment Panels.
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14.
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High-risk children often tend to:
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a. [removed] become great successes in life because of their backgrounds.
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b. [removed] be highly confident, look out for others, and be tolerant of those who disagree with them.
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c. [removed] be self-absorbed and resent anyone who confronts them.
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d. [removed] accept the realities of society and their own roles in their failure.
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15.
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The mission of juvenile justice includes:
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a. [removed] correcting offenders so they will not return to the juvenile justice system.
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b. [removed] providing justice to juveniles who are referred to the juvenile justice system.
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c. [removed] coaching older juveniles as to how they should behave as they enter the adult justice system.
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d. [removed] both correcting offenders so they will not return to the juvenile justice system and providing justice to juveniles who are referred to the juvenile justice system.
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16.
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Youths most likely to be killed by police in Brazil are those:
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a. [removed] who are caught in the act of committing serious offenses.
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b. [removed] of African, Native Indian, and mixed parentage.
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c. [removed] females working the streets as beggars.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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17.
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Which of the following are predicted to decrease in severity in the future?
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a. [removed] Guns
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b. [removed] Drugs
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c. [removed] Gangs
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d. [removed] None of the choices apply
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18.
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The first United Nations rules designed to protect children were the:
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a. [removed] Riyadh guidelines.
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b. [removed] JOL rules.
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c. [removed] Beijing rules.
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d. [removed] rules for the treatment of prisoners.
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19.
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England’s Criminal Justice Act, 1991 emphasized a:
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a. [removed] welfare model.
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b. [removed] crime control model.
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c. [removed] due process model.
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d. [removed] restorative model.
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20.
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Juvenile justice today:
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a. [removed] is a central area of concern for governments.
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b. [removed] matches education in the cost of its funding.
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c. [removed] is a marginal area of concern for most politicians.
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d. [removed] has many interest groups supporting it.
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