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1.
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Formal factors that influence decision-making at the dispositional stage are:
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a. [removed] the values and philosophy of the judge.
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b. [removed] the social and racial background of the offender.
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c. [removed] the social study investigator.
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d. [removed] both the values and philosophy of the judge and the social and racial background of the offender.
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2.
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The Juvenile Justice Standards Project recommended that juvenile offenses should be divided into:
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a. [removed] 5 classes, 3 for felonies and 2 for misdemeanors.
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b. [removed] 5 classes, 2 for felonies and 3 for misdemeanors.
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c. [removed] 3 classes, 2 for felonies and 1 for misdemeanors.
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d. [removed] 2 classes, 1 for felonies and 1 for misdemeanors.
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3.
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Thomas F. Geraghty argues that:
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a. [removed] the juvenile court should be abolished.
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b. [removed] the juvenile court should provide juveniles with more procedural protections.
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c. [removed] adult court will easily adapt to the needs of juveniles.
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d. [removed] none of the choices apply.
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4.
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The court decision that formalized parens patriae was:
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a. [removed] In re Gault.
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b. [removed] ex parte Crouse.
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c. [removed] In re Winship.
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d. [removed] Kent v. United States.
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5.
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Youths most likely to be assigned to community programs are:
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a. [removed] racial minorities.
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b. [removed] lower class youths.
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c. [removed] middle class youths.
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d. [removed] ethnic minorities.
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6.
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In McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, the U.S. Supreme Court denied the right of juveniles to have jury trials because:
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a. [removed] all rights constitutionally guaranteed to adults are not to be given to juveniles.
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b. [removed] trials could well take away the intimate, informal, protective proceedings.
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c. [removed] nothing prevents judges from using jury trials if they wish.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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7.
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Bail is:
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a. [removed] not a form of punishment.
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b. [removed] used to guarantee youths will show up for their hearings.
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c. [removed] used to impress upon the child that a serious crime occurred.
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d. [removed] both not a form of punishment and used to guarantee youths will show up for their hearings.
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8.
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Critics argue that the juvenile court:
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a. [removed] has not had an effect in reducing or stemming juvenile crime.
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b. [removed] has, as its sole contribution to juvenile justice, brought justice and compassion to youthful offenders.
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c. [removed] has not succeeded in rehabilitating juvenile offenders.
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d. [removed] both has not had an effect in reducing or stemming juvenile crime and has, as its sole contribution to juvenile justice, brought justice and compassion to youthful offenders.
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9.
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Judges may place youths in:
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a. [removed] adult prisons, training schools, and forestry camps.
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b. [removed] mental hospitals, private clinics, and county jails.
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c. [removed] medium and maximum security training schools.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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10.
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Which of these is not a role that defense attorneys play?
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a. [removed] An advocate for the child
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b. [removed] An assistant to the court with responsibilities to children
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c. [removed] A guardian or parent surrogate to the child
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d. [removed] A preliminary hearing referee
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11.
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An advantage of a bifurcated hearing is that:
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a. [removed] a judge can decide upon guilt or innocence and impose a sentence at the same time.
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b. [removed] a judge can base his or her sentence on more complete information.
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c. [removed] it eliminates judicial bias totally.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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12.
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Many juvenile court judges today are quite concerned about the proposed Justice Standards recommendations because they believe that:
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a. [removed] the standards attack the underlying philosophy and structure of the juvenile court.
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b. [removed] the needs of children will be neglected in the long run.
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c. [removed] it is not possible to treat all children alike.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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13.
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An example of one informal sanction is:
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a. [removed] community service in lieu of detention.
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b. [removed] preventive detention as a result of child abuse.
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c. [removed] involuntary probation supervision.
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d. [removed] all of the choices apply.
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14.
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The most secure facility to which judges can send a youth is the:
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a. [removed] state training school.
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b. [removed] forestry camp.
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c. [removed] detention home.
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d. [removed] day camp.
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15.
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The kind of modern sentencing structure that allows criminal or juvenile courts to impose either juvenile or adult sentences, or sentences both, is called a(n):
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a. [removed] mandatory sentencing structure.
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b. [removed] blended sentencing structure.
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c. [removed] graduated sentencing structure.
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d. [removed] accountability based sentence structure.
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16.
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Which of the following is/are an argument(s) for the removal of status offenders from the juvenile court?
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a. [removed] The lack of clarity of the status offenders statutes makes them unnecessarily vague.
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b. [removed] Status offenders are often confined with hard core offenders.
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c. [removed] The processing of offenders is in their best interests.
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d. [removed] Both the lack of clarity of the status offenders statutes makes them unnecessarily vague and status offenders are often confined with hard core offenders.
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17.
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Critics of the “leniency” of the juvenile court generally would be most concerned if a juvenile were assigned to:
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a. [removed] informal probation.
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b. [removed] formal probation.
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c. [removed] house arrest.
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d. [removed] a juvenile community residential facility.
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18.
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The Breed v. Jones case dealt with the issue of:
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a. [removed] constitutionality of confession to the police.
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b. [removed] the constitutionality of jury trials.
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c. [removed] double jeopardy.
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d. [removed] “proof beyond a reasonable doubt.”
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19.
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A youth who admits to being on drugs at his or her trial:
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a. [removed] is automatically sentenced to detention.
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b. [removed] is evaluated by the judge to determine whether he or she is too impaired to continue the trial.
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c. [removed] is automatically sent to drug rehabilitation.
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d. [removed] both is automatically sentenced to detention and is evaluated by the judge to determine whether he or she is too impaired to continue the trial.
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20.
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The youths most likely to stay the longest in juvenile institutions are the:
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a. [removed] sex offenders.
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b. [removed] status offenders.
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c. [removed] violent offenders.
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d. [removed] aggressive offenders.
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