First
Reducing calorie intake has reduced the chances of chronic diseases related to age and also minimizes risks of cancers. It is a well known fact that when one intakes a large amount of calories; and burns a smaller amount of calories throughout the day, that individual will gain weight due to the excess intake of calories. It is of common consensus that individuals that are overweight are at higher risk of heart disease. “People who are 5 to 15 percent overweight have more than twice the number of deaths from heart attacks as people of average weight. For those who are 25 percent or more overweight, the number of fatal heart attacks is 5 times higher than normal” (Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Diet and Health, 1992). Other chronic conditions such as gallstones, hypertension, and diabetes have been connected to excess weight as well. This is why reducing one’s calorie intake has been proven to be an effective means to minimize risks of chronic illnesses. Reducing a person’s calorie intake insures an even balance of calories consumed and calories used, therefore that person will experience less weight gain while practicing a diet of reduced calorie intake.
Second
The restriction of caloric intake by 30% has several effects on the metabolism of the body. The risk of many diseases and cancer is highly dependent on a hormonal level, growth factor regulation, and inflammation. The restriction of caloric intake causes the reduction in the circulating level of hormones (such as insulin, leptins), growth factors (such as insulin-like growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factors), and cytokines. As a result of this, it downregulates the growth factor signaling through PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway. This decreases the vascular perturbation via reducing vascular endothelial growth factor and tissue-type plasminogen activator, and also decreases the inflammation via lowering the level of NF-kappa B (nuclear factor kappa B) and COX2 (cyclooxygenase) expression. Therefore, the downregulation of inflammation pathways, growth factor signaling, and circulating hormones reduces the disease-causing factors. Consequently, restriction of caloric intake by 30% reduces the risk and progression of diseases and cancer development.
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