Biology II chemistry

Biology II Lab

1. Top of Form

• Dear Students:
• Please answer the following questions.-
• 1.- What is the Phylum Porifera? Please give an example.
•  
• 2.- The clade Bilateria includes:
• a.- sponges.
• b.- cnidarians
• c.- ctenophores
• d.- arthropods
• e.- mollusks
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• 3.- Animals with a water vascular system include:
• a.- hemichordates
• b.- chordates
• c.- sponges
• d.-nematodes.
• e.- echinoderms
•  
• 4.- The taxon that has epidermal stinging cells is : ________________________
•  
• 5.- Please give 2 examples of Phylum Platyhelminthes.
•  
• 6.- Please name 2 important characteristics of Phylum Mollusca-Clams.
•  
• 7.- Lumbricus terrestris pertains to the Phylum ___________________
•  
• Bottom of Form

Classwork Chapter 12: Solutions

• Identify the solute and the solvent in each solution composed of the following table:

• Water is a polar solvent and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a nonpolar solvent. In which solvent is each of the following more likely to be soluble?
  • NaNO₃, ionic
  • I₂, nonpolar
  • sucrose (table sugar), polar
  • gasoline, nonpolar
  • vegetable oil, nonpolar
  • benzene, nonpolar
  • LiCl, ionic
  • Na₂SO₄, ionic
• Indicate whether solutions of each of the following contain only ions, only molecules, or mostly molecules and a few ions. Write the equation for the formation of a solution for each of the following:
  • Na₂SO₄(s), a strong electrolyte
  • CH₃OH(l), a nonelectrolyte
  • NH₄OH(l), weak electrolyte
• Classify the solute represented in each of the following equations as a strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte:

• Define the term solubility. How it is affected by the temperature.

• Predict whether each of the following salts is soluble in water and explain why:

1. Na₃PO₄
   1. CaCO₃
   1. K₂S
   1. Ca(NO₃)₂ 
   1. PbCl₂
   1. NaOH

• What is the difference between a 5% (m/m) glucose solution and a 5% (m/v) glucose solution?
  
  

• Calculate the mass percent 1m>m2 for the solute in each of the following:
  • 75 g of NaOH in 325 g of NaOH solution.

• 2.0 g of KOH and 20.0 g of H₂O

• 48.5 g of Na₂CO₃ in 250.0 g of Na₂CO₃ solution

• Calculate the mass/volume percent (m/v) for the solute in each of the following:
  • 2.50 g of LiCl in 40.0 mL of LiCl solution

• 7.5 g of casein in 120 mL of low-fat milk

• A bottle of champagne is 11% (v/v) alcohol. If there are 750 mL of champagne in the bottle, what is the volume, in milliliters, of alcohol?

• Calculate the molarity of each of the following:
  • 0.500 mole of glucose in 0.200 L of a glucose solution

• 73.0 g of HCl in 2.00 L of a HCl solution

• 30.0 g of NaOH in 350. mL of a NaOH solution

• Calculate the final concentration of each of the following:
  • 2.0 L of a 6.0 M HCl solution is added to water so that the final volume is 6.0 L.

• Water is added to 0.50 L of a 12 M NaOH solution to make 3.0 L of a diluted NaOH solution.

• A 10.0-mL sample of a 25% (m/v) KOH solution is diluted with water so that the final volume is 100.0 mL.

• A 50.0-mL sample of a 15% (m/v) H₂SO₄ solution is added to water to give a final volume of 250 mL.

• Identify the following as characteristic of a solution, a colloid, or a suspension:
  • a mixture that cannot be separated by a semipermeable membrane
  • a mixture that settles out upon standing
  • Particles of this mixture remain inside a semipermeable membrane but pass through filters.
  •  The particles of solute in this solution are very large and visible.

• Are the following solutions isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic compared with a red blood cell?
  • distilled H₂O
  • 1% (m/v) glucose
  • 0.9% (m/v) NaCl
  • 15% (m/v) glucose
• 1% (m/v) glucose
• 2% (m/v) NaCl
• 5% (m/v2) glucose
• 0.1% (m/v) NaCl

• Indicate the compartment (A or B) that will increase in volume for each of the following pairs of solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane:

Classwork Chapter 13:

Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium

1. What is meant by the rate of a reaction?

• Why does bread grow mold more quickly at room temperature than in the refrigerator?

• How would each of the following change the rate of the reaction shown here?

2SO2(g)+O2(g)→2SO3(g)

• adding some SO2(g)

• increasing the temperature

• adding a catalyst

• removing some O2(g)

• decreasing the temperature

• What is meant by the term reversible reaction?

• When does a reversible reaction reach equilibrium?

• Write the equilibrium expression for each of the following reactions:
• CH4(g)+2H2S(g) ⇄ CS2(g)+4H2(g)

• 2NO(g) ⇄ N2(g)+O2(g)

• 2SO3(g)+CO2(g) ⇄ CS2(g)+4O2(g)

• CH4(g)+H2O(g) ⇄ 3H2(g)+CO(g)

• What is the numerical value of Kc for the following reaction if the equilibrium mixture contains 

CO2(g)+H2(g)⇄CO(g)+H2O(g)

• 0.30 M CO2          0.20 M CO
  • 0.30 M H2O      0.033 M H2

• Indicate whether each of the following equilibrium mixtures contains mostly products or mostly reactants:
• Cl2(g)+NO(g)  ⇄  2NOCl(g)   Kc=3.7×10⁸

• 2H2(g)+S2(g)  ⇄  2H2S(g)   Kc=1.1×10⁷

• 3O2(g)  ⇄  2O3(g)   Kc=1.7×10^-56

• Ammonia is produced by reacting nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.

N2(g)+3H2(g)⇄2NH3(g) ∆H= +92 kJ

For each of the following changes at equilibrium, indicate whether the equilibrium shifts in the direction of product, reactants, or does not change:

1. removing some N2(g)

• decreasing the temperature
• adding more NH3(g)

• adding more H2(g)

• increasing the volume of the container

• adding a catalyst