assignment 6

Directions: Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. Your response should be four (4) double-spaced pages; refer to the “Assignment Format” page for specific format requirements.

1. Create a complete preparation outline using the outline template below for a persuasive speech.

2. You may choose from one of the topics below.

3. State the general purpose, specific purpose, and central idea clearly and in the appropriate form.

4. Limit your key points to three and main points with supporting resources to two per point.

5. State your key points and main points in complete sentences.

6. Summarize key points of introduction with a call for action in your conclusion.

7. Based on your submitted outline, begin writing the first draft of your speech while studying the next lesson. In Lesson 7, you will study how to write the components of your speech. The outcome of this process is a final written speech to be submitted as your final assignment in Lesson 7.

Use this outline as your template.

1. TITLE:
2. Introduction
3. Body of the Presentation
4. IV. Conclusion

• General Purpose
• Specific Purpose
• Central idea

• Key point #1
• Key point #2
• Key point #3

1. Key Point #1

1. Supporting statement and resource
2. Supporting statement and resource

1. Key Point #2

1. Supporting statement and resource
2. Supporting statement and resource

1. Key Point #3

1. Supporting statement and resource
2. Supporting statement and resource

here is an example of how it is suppose to be done

Directions: Use this outline as your template.

• Title:
  • General purpose (to inform or persuade)
  • Specific purpose
  • Central idea (the thesis)
• Introduction
  • Main point #1
  • Main point #2
  • Main point #3
• Body of the Presentation
  • Main Point #1
    • Supporting statement and resource/citation information
    • Supporting statement and resource/citation information
  • Main Point #2
    • Supporting statement and resource/citation information
    • Supporting statement and resource/citation information
  • Main Point #3
    • Supporting statement and resource/citation information
    • Supporting statement and resource/citation information
• Conclusion

_ _ _ _ _ _

SAMPLE OUTLINE FORMAT

[Roman Numeral One]

• Title: What Is Your Communication Style?

• The general purpose is to inform.
• The specific purpose is to inform the audience about the different types of communication.
• This essay will focus on the different types of communication including verbal, nonverbal, and aesthetic.

Outline Grading Rubric:

here is my essay

Using a Cell Phone While Driving

A plan conducted by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) over 3,000 deaths, in the year 2010 in the United States, attributable to distracted driving Another study by the American Automobile Association (AAA), a non-profit foundation for traffic safety, attributes distracted driving causes 8,000 crashes per day. Technology is the number one factor to blame. Nevertheless, with significant growth in the cell phone industry, unfortunate incidents and humongous statistics as described above will continue to prevail. Despite the introduction of restrictive laws based on the mode and type of use of cell phones as well as demography, in some states in the US, these incidents are on the gradual rise, and it is about time that something is done to mitigate the occurrence if these accidents. In this light, this paper seeks to underlie some of the reasons by which the federal government should impose a permanent ban on the use of cell phones while driving.

In the year 2010, the state of Missouri experienced one of the most devastating road incidents that foresaw a chain-reaction accident caused by a 19-year-old. Detectives working on the case identified that the teenager, eleven minutes before the event had sent out six messages and received five letters. Confirmed reports from the incident detail that the young driver had been most likely distracted when his pickup plowed into a tractor-trailer, which had stopped as it was involved in a highway work zone. Intermittently, two school buses were caused to be involved in the accident, hence killing two people a bus occupant and the teenage driver as well leading to the injury of about eight people. The incident came ahead of Missouri instigating restrictive laws on texting while driving for drivers under the age of twenty-one. However, this clause did little to nothing to absolve the occurrence of accidents caused by “distracted driving”. Instead, it is clear that the safety board was only concerned about the age of the driver not realizing that the occurrence of an epidemic is inconsistent with the age of the person(s) involved. Currently, state governments have some restrictive laws governing the use of cell phones by drivers. Figures, as obtained from the NTSB, confirm that over 35 states have imposed a ban on texting while driving, 30 states have banned the use of cell phones by new drivers, and ten states have banned in totality using hand-held cell phones (Crowley, 2011). While these are good trudges towards maintaining safety in our roads, there is a need for the introduction of laws that ban the use of phones in totality regardless of age, mode of use, or the manner of use as will be further exemplified in paragraphs below.

Usually, when the talk of the use of cell phone while driving comes up, a massive number of people do not put into consideration texting while driving. Nevertheless, there are associated dangers of texting while driving as it became apparent on September 12, 2008; this was on a public train in Los Angeles. Reports from the incident confirmed killings of twenty-five people and 135 people injured. Investigations subsumed that the operator of the train caused the event. The last text message having been sent by the operator twenty-two seconds before the occurrence of the crash as obtained from his cell phone records. The incident led to the awareness of visual distraction posed by texting while driving. Research indicates that texting while driving might cause sensorimotor disturbances, mainly visual blindness (Alhers, 2011). Towards this light, drivers are less likely to notice events occurring outside of the vehicle while texting. Likewise, this has a corresponding effect on the driver’s likelihood of response such as braking (Chan and Atchley, 2009). As well, visual distractions might negatively affect the driver’s behavior while maintaining their position on a lane or seeing warning signs ahead. Henceforth, it is pertinent for drivers to avoid cell distractions especially texting while driving as discussed in this paragraph.

A study by McEvoy in the year 2005 found out that a driver’s utilization of a cell phone for an about ten minutes is relative to an increased probability of crashing. Furthermore, the study clarified that the likelihood of the occurrence of a crush is irrespective of whether hand-held or hands-free cell phone is used. Equally, another observational study identified that drivers talking on cell phones while driving are most likely to miss traffic signs two times as much in comparison to drivers who are not using cell phones. As well, they are most likely to run red lights by a ten percent probability, have close calls by an 18% probability, tailgate by a 23% probability, and swerve into another lane by a 46% probability (Drews and Strayer, 2008). “According to a study conducted by Dr. David Strayer, talking while on the cell phone might have a corresponding cognitive distraction to the driver. Among the effects of this distraction include low appraisal, impaired objectivity or judgment, as well as cognitive confinement” (Crowley, 2011). In illustration of the above exposition, using a particular device fixed on the eye, Strayer noted while drivers looked or held their gaze while driving their eyes did not see billboards, signs, or traffic signals while driving and talking on cell phone. Correspondingly, drivers reaction to events such as decelerating a vehicle or braking at a traffic spot were momentously slower when communicating over the cell phone and driving. Equally, Strayer and his fellow researchers, noteworthy, noted that the significant risks or impairments caused by a hands-free or hand-held cell phone device while driving were not any different. Therefore, the restrictive laws on portable cell phones are unsubstantial as the same adverse effects are relative to hands-free cell phones.

While some states have imposed restrictive measures on the use of cell phones while driving, close to little effort has been achieved by this move as has been highlighted by expositions above. Drawings from the Missouri, Los Angeles, and Dr. Strayer’s research provide insightful information that counters state laws based on demography, type, and mode of cell phone use respectively and their consequent effect while driving. Based on this factual information it is about time that a worldwide ban on cell phone use while driving is imposed. As initially discussed, the urgency with which this matter is to be resolved follows the rate at which the cell phone industry is growing as well with the number of resurfacing incidents. Henceforth, in a nutshell, should governments need to mitigate the number of events caused by cell phone use while driving then the solution lies in their ban while driving.

References

Chan, M., & Atchley, P. (2009). Effects of Cell Phone Conversations on Driver Performance While Driving Under Highway Monotony.Proceedings of the 5th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design : Driving Assessment 2009. doi:10.17077/drivingassessment.1314

Crowley, J. (2011). Safety board proposes ban on cell use while driving.REUTERS. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-autos-cellp…

Drews, F. A., Pasupathi, M., & Strayer, D. L. (2008). Passenger and cell phone conversations in simulated driving.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied,14(4), 392-400. doi:10.1037/a0013119