Length: —Short Answer Questions: 150–500 words
—Short Essay Question: 1500–2000 words
Weight: 20% of final grade (6 questions × 2 marks each for short answer; 1 question × 8 marks for short essay)
Instructions for short answer questions:
Answer all six of the following questions, and follow the submission instructions below:
- Kozolanka et al. argue that the Canadian context in which alternative media emerge is uniquely defined by five characteristics. Identify them, and briefly describe each.
- Kozolanka et al. argue that alternative media are defined by three key characteristics: structure, participation, and activism. Define each of these characteristics in terms of their significance to alternative media in Canada.
- Bredin identifies at least three key characteristics that distinguish Aboriginal media from other media. Identify and describe each.
- Bredin argues that Aboriginal media in Canada emerged in a neocolonial context. What does this mean, and why is this important?
- What does Karim argue is one of the major reasons for the existence of ethnic media?
- Using Karim’s article as a guide, what is the significance of civic pluralism, third space, and public sphericules in relation to ethnic media?
Instructions for short essay question:
Answer the following question, and follow the submission instructions below:
- Contrast and compare alternative media, ethnic media, and Aboriginal media. Support your claims with references from the readings.


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