“multiple answer”, meaning that there may be one, two, three, four, or five answers that are correct.
Colonial Society Reading questions
Question 1
According to Contreras
a. The Bourbon Reforms helped Mexico to retain a much greater share of the wealth that it produced
b. Mexico’s colonial economy served as a supplier to Europe of raw materials, including silver, cochineal, sugar, and tobacco
c. The Bourbon Reforms created a shift in wealth from merchants, miners, and ranchers of European origin to mestizos and indigenous populations
Question 2
In “An Unsettling Racial Scorecard”, Rodriguez argues that
a. Casta paintings were part of an effort to promote racial mixing among the Mexican population in order to prevent racial animosity
b. Mestizaje refers to racial and cultural mixing (or synthesis)
c. The casta system had little lasting legacy in Mexican society after the end of the colonial era
Independence and Instability in Early Mexico Reading
In “Military, Militia, and Police”
a. The Viceroy accuses Hidalgo, Allende, and Aldama of stealing and plundering the houses of the most honorable citizens
b. The Viceroy calls for a restoration of public calm
c. The Viceroy accuses Hidalgo, Allende, and Aldama of trying to ruin the honor of the inhabitants of colonial Mexico
d. The Viceroy accuses Hidalgo, Allende, and Aldama of steering unsuspecting residents into violence and rebellion
e. The Viceroy accuses Hidalgo, Allende, and Aldama of plotting to assassinate the Pope
Question 2
In “Sentiments of the Nation”, Morelos asserts that with [Mexican] independence
a. Trade with all friendly nations will be permitted
b. There will be freedom of religion
c. All individuals will be equal before the law
d. Slavery will be abolished
e. Any man will be permitted to run for public office
Question 3
In “Latin America’s Indigenous Saint (Juan Diego) Stirs Anger, Pride”, Richard Boudreaux argues that
a. The church did not want to depict Juan Diego in a manner that it saw as “dignified”
b. The Vatican decided to made Juan Diego a saint to celebrate the growing membership and popularity of the Church among indigenous populations
c. The Catholic Church did not depict Juan Diego in a historically accurate manner
Question 4
According to “Popular Groups: The Virgin of Guadalupe Versus the Virgin of Remedios”, the Virgin of Remedios
a. Was embraced by indigenous populations, but rejected by viceroys and bishops
b. Was adopted by royalists during the War of Independence and made a General in the Royal Army
c. Is virtually identical in appearance to the Virgin of Guadalupe
d. Is said to have been carried by one of Cortez’ men during the conquest
e. Was allowed to stay in Mexico only after she agreed to stay out of politics
Question 5
“Independence and the Generation of Generals, 1810-1848”
a. Asserts that many creoles both thought of insurgents as dangerous savages as well as disliked Iturbide and other former Royalist officers
b. Asserts that Viceroy Juan Vicente de Guemes doubted the loyalty of mixed-race castas and of indigenous populations, so he tried to replace militas with a regular army filled with Spanish officers
c. Is a primary source text
d. Is a secondary source text
e. Argues that the strength of Hidalgo’s insurgents was more an illusion than a reality
f. Asserts that there was little lasting damage to Mexico from the War for Independence, and the country recovered quickly
g. States that number and intensity of insurgencies against Spanish control reached a climax in 1816
h. Describes militia and military regiments in late 18th century Mexico as being capable fighting forces made up of highly motivated volunteers
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