Answer 45 multiples choices question in Environmental health 21 st century

Proof in science is always:

A. firmly established.
B. beyond question.
C. an impossible goal.
D. open to question or new evidence.

Question 2 of 45

If the total fertility of less developed countries were reduced to its replacement rate immediately, the population would:

A. decrease immediately
B. continue to grow and then stabilize after a number of years
C. continue to grow indefinitely
D. continue to grow for a few years and then decline

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Question 3 of 45

The term demographic transition refers to

A. a requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable.
B. the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches the carrying capacity.
C. the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates when a country develops a strong economy.
D. the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred when the germ theory of disease was discovered.

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Question 4 of 45

All of the following are examples of abiotic factors, EXCEPT:

A. bacteria
B. temperature
C. rainfall
D. salinity

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Question 5 of 45

By 2050, what country is expected to be the world’s largest?

A. The United States
B. Russia
C. China
D. India

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Question 6 of 45

Population experts use which UN population growth estimates in making predictions about the future?

A. constant rate
B. low rate
C. medium rate
D. high rate

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Question 7 of 45

Who was a pioneer in the family planning movement in the U.S.?

A. Anthony Comstock
B. Margaret Mead
C. Margaret Sanger
D. Eleanor Roosevelt

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Question 8 of 45

Crude death rate for a given country is a statistic of

A. the total number of deaths per year
B. the total number of deaths of infants per 1000 women of childbearing age per year
C. the total number of deaths per 1000 people per year
D. number of births minus the number of deaths per year

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Question 9 of 45

Select the statement that best describes “micro-lending”

A. the default rate on these projects is over 50 percent
B. these loans are restricted to large business
C. these loans are for small businesses
D. these loans decrease poverty but increase the fertility rate

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Question 10 of 45

What was the main finding about cichlids of Lake Victoria?

A. They are voracious predators
B. They are the most numerous fish in the lake
C. A fish farming experiment & pollution nearly wiped them out
D. All of the above

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Question 11 of 45

All of the following are reasons that poor families in developing countries might have many children, EXCEPT:

A. to assure care of the parents in their old age
B. high mortality among the young
C. because so many children survive beyond age one
D. to have more helpers for essential chores

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Question 12 of 45

All of the following statements about ecosystem energy flow are correct, EXCEPT:

A. It starts from the external environment (the sun) to the plants, then to the herbivores, carnivores & top carnivores.
B. There is energy lost (as waste heat) at each level.
C. Energy biomass in the top consumers is greater than that in the primary producers.
D. Reduction in producer biomass can have consequences for top consumers.

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Question 13 of 45

What do we mean by the concept of environmental unity?

A. Everything in the environment is connected and is part of a larger system.
B. Changing one part of the environment has little effect on other parts of the system.
C. The loss of certain species will have no effect on the survival of other species.
D. all of the above

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Question 14 of 45

Which of the following BEST describes the human population from early times to the present?

A. slow, steady growth throughout the period
B. rapid, explosive growth throughout the period
C. slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then increasingly rapid growth
D. early rapid growth which has leveled off to a nearly constant rate in the last 20 years

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Question 15 of 45

Animals such as earthworms and millipedes which feed on dead organic matter are:

A. detritus feeders
B. herbivores
C. carnivores
D. parasites

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Question 16 of 45

The lowest fertility rates may be found:

A. in the developing countries
B. countries providing opportunities for women’s education
C. where access to birth control is limited
D. in places with poor health care systems

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Question 17 of 45

The highly specialized relationships of some plants and the insects that pollinate them are examples of what?

A. coevolution
B. parasitism
C. resource partitions
D. mutualism or symbiosis

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Question 18 of 45

The most serious problem caused by population growth is:

A. too few jobs
B. inefficient food transportation
C. crowding
D. increasing demand for all resources

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Question 19 of 45

The boundary between adjacent land and water ecosystems is called a _______.

A. the edge effect
B. climax communities
C. transitional zone or ecotone
D. biospheres

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Question 20 of 45

Which statement most accurately describes the population control efforts in India?

A. strong government financial support for birth control for all couples who desire it
B. an efficient well planned bureaucracy
C. low status for women hampers efforts at control
D. the Indian culture prefers girls and large families

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Question 21 of 45

Each of the following are considered essential to breaking the cycle of poverty and population growth in developing countries, EXCEPT:

A. improved basic education, especially for girls
B. increased loans for large scale development projects
C. greater availability of contraceptives
D. improved health, especially reduction of infant mortality

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Question 22 of 45

Crude birth and death rates enable one to compare:

A. the increase or decrease in different populations
B. the proportions of fertile women in different populations
C. the causes of deaths in the population
D. the relative rates of immigration and emigration

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Question 23 of 45

Which of the following biomes typically has the highest biodiversity?

A. Tundra
B. Swamps and wetlands
C. Agricultural land
D. Boreal coniferous forest

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Question 24 of 45

What type of biome would you expect to find in a region where temperatures are high and where significant precipitation occurs year round?

A. tropical rainforest
B. temperate deciduous forest
C. savanna
D. desert

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Question 25 of 45

The Law of Limiting Factors (also called the Limiting Factors Principle) means that:

A. there is a limit to how much pollution an ecosystem can handle.
B. if conditions are optimal, there is no limit to population growth.
C. soil type and pH are the most important limiting factors for any species.
D. even if everything else is optimal, too much or too little of one abiotic factor will limit population growth.

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Question 26 of 45

Which statement about family planning in Thailand is correct?

A. The growth rate increased from 1.5 to 3.2 percent in 15 years.
B. Thailand’s growth rate was lower than the United States.
C. There is a mandatory one child per family policy.
D. All of the above are true.

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Question 27 of 45

Total world population is currently about:

A. 4-5 billion
B. 10-11 billion
C. 2-3 billion
D. ~7 billion

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Question 28 of 45

According to the UN, the recent drop in world wide fertility rates was due to which two factors?

A. Greater availability of contraceptives and abortion.
B. Greater availability of contraceptives and delays in the age of marriage.
C. Greater availability of contraceptives and fear of AIDS.
D. There has been no drop in fertility rates.

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Question 29 of 45

Of the following, select the answer that gives the best indicators of overall health in a country or region:

A. birth rate and death rate
B. replacement-level fertility rate and total fertility rate
C. *life expectancy and infant mortality rate
D. life expectancy and death rate

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Question 30 of 45

All of the following statements about Chesapeake Bay are true, EXCEPT:

A. It is the largest estuary in the US
B. It gets high grades (A+) for clarity & O2
C. It is worth $33 billion a year in revenue
D. It has excess levels of nitrogen & phosphorus

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Question 31 of 45

A description of the feeding relationships among consumers is best described as:

A. food webs.
B. food chains.
C. food cycles.
D. trophic levels.

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Question 32 of 45

The most important factor in determining which biome is found in a particular area is

A. soil type.
B. topography.
C. magnetic fields.
D. climate.

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Question 33 of 45

What had the greatest influence on the creation of the environmental movement?

A. Serious environmental problems.
B. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
C. Presidential candidates
D. University professors.

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Question 34 of 45

The functional units of the biosphere that contain groupings of plants, animals, & microbes interacting with each other & with their environment and that perpetuate themselves are:

A. individuals
B. species
C. populations
D. ecosystems

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Question 35 of 45

A keystone species:

A. is a species like moss that lives on the surface of rock formations.
B. the most common species in a community or ecosystem.
C. a species that exists in the first tropic level
D. is a species that has a large effect on its community or ecosystem.

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Question 36 of 45

What is the difference between an hypothesis and a theory?

A. A theory is only a guess; whereas, a hypothesis is a proven fact
B. A theory is a proposed explanation based on observation; whereas, an hypothesis is an explanation that has been tested many times.
C. An hypothesis is a proposed explanation based on observation; whereas, a theory is an explanation that has been tested many times.
D. There is no difference between them

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Question 37 of 45

Malthus and Marx had different theories on the problem of overpopulation.

A. Malthus believed that all problems are due to an unequal distribution of resources.
B. Marx believed that all problems are due to an unequal distribution of resources.
C. Marx believed that all problems are due to both having too many people in the world and an unequal distribution of resources; whereas, Mathus believed just the opposite.
D. None of the above are true

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Question 38 of 45

The limiting factor which is responsible for the transitions from forests to grasslands is:

A. precipitation
B. light
C. temperature
D. pH

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Question 39 of 45

The competitive exclusion principle:

A. would result in the survival of no species.
B. means two species competing for the same resources can coexist in the same niche.
C. means that two species competing for the same resources cannot coexist in the same niche.
D. is the only principle governing the ecosystems.

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Question 40 of 45

The three major categories of organisms are:

A. producers, herbivores, carnivores
B. producers, consumers, detritus feeders and decomposers
C. plants, animals, and microbes
D. temperature, moisture, and light

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Question 41 of 45

All nonrenewable resources can be

A. converted to nonmetallic minerals.
B. converted to renewable ones.
C. exhausted or depleted.
D. recycled or reused.

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Question 42 of 45

The concept of sustainable development is to:

A. meet the needs for the indefinite future
B. continue as always and assume that things will work out for the best
C. curtail all further development
D. meet the needs for the immediate future

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Question 43 of 45

The story of Easter Island demonstrates that:

A. population growth can have undesirable consequences
B. resources are present in unlimited supply
C. the use of resources has no effect on the environment
D. all of the above

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Question 44 of 45

All of the following helped control population in Brazil EXCEPT:

A. Female empowerment
B. Economic growth
C. TV & soap operas
D. Major investments in family planning & increased availability of abortion services.

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Question 45 of 45

Select the statement that best describes the activities of the World Bank:

A. it has a long history of only funding environmentally sound projects
B. it is the major source of funds to eliminate the debt crisis
C. large scale development projects in developing countries like Africa have eliminated poverty
D. environmental degradation has been the direct result of some World Bank projects

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