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Acid/Base Chemistry Columns 2 and 3 contain raw data. Entries in columns 4, 5, and 6 are from questions 1, 2,and…

Acid/Base Chemistry Columns 2 and 3 contain raw data. Entries in columns 4, 5, and 6 are from questions 1, 2,and…

Daniel Kevins

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Acid/Base Chemistry

Columns 2 and 3 contain raw data. Entries in columns 4, 5, and 6 are from questions 1, 2,and 3.

Please note here if BTB or any of the other starting materials is other than a clear, colorless solution:

Table 1

In columns 2 and 3 record the color and intensity you see.

Well #	Substance	1Drop BTB	Add 1 Drop of Substance	Acid or Base?	Ionic? Y/N	Species Acting as Acid or Base
1	NaHCO₃				Y	HCO₃^–
2	CH₃COOH
3	HCL
4	Na₂CO₃
5	H₂SO₄
6	CH₃COONa
7	NaOH
8	HNO₃
9	NaHSO₄
10	NH₃
11	H₃PO₄
12	NaH₂PO₄
13	Na₂HPO₄
14	Na₃PO₄
15	NaHSO₃

Table 2: Following Acid/Base neutralization reactions

Please note here if BPB or any of the other starting materials is other than a clear, colorless solution:

Well #	1 Drop of Each	Observation	+2 Drops Acid	Observation	+2 Drops Base	Observation
1	BPB + NaOH		HCl		NaOH
2	BPB + NaOH		H₂SO₄		NaOH
3	BPB + NaOH		CH₃COOH		NaOH
4	BPB + NaOH		H₃PO₄		NaOH
5	BPB + Ca(OH)₂		HCl		Ca(OH)₂
6	BPB + Ca(OH)₂		H₂SO₄		Ca(OH)₂
7	BPB + Ca(OH)₂		CH₃COOH		Ca(OH)₂
8	BPB + Ca(OH)₂		H₃PO₄		Ca(OH)₂
9	BPB + NH₃		HCl		NH₃
10	BPB + NH₃		H₂SO₄		NH₃
11	BPB + NH₃		CH₃COOH		NH₃
12	BPB + NH₃		H₃PO₄		NH₃

Data Table 3: Investigating Odor as a Means of Indicating Neutralization.

Substance(s)	Odor
2 Drops of HCl in Well #1
1 Drop of Ammonia on Swab
Swab with Ammonia & HCl

Data Table 4:Investigating Evaporation as a Means of Indicating a Neutralization Reaction.

Reaction Mixture	Observation (When Wet)	Observation (When Dry)
HCl + NaOH
CH₃COOH + NH₃
HNO₃ + NaOH

Optional Mini Experiments—-DO NOT HAVE TO COMPLETE

1. Use BTB to classify four household products as acidic or basic. Possible substances to test include home cleaning products, glass cleaner, liquid detergent, bleach, soft drinks, liquid from food items, etc. Remember to:

State a hypothesis or purpose.
State the testing method.
Organize data in a concise table.
Read the label for each product, and list in the data table what may be the acid or base in the product.
State conclusions in terms of the hypothesis or purpose.

2. Find one common, highly colored substance that can be used as an acid-base indicator. Possible substances include fruit/vegetable juice or products, inks, food coloring, flower petals, etc. If using fresh fruit, veggies, or flowers, crush the substance with a little water or rubbing alcohol to extract the colored pigments. If red cabbage is available, it makes a superb acid-base indicator. Then use a few drops of the colored extract as the indicator. Test four more household products using the freshly made acid-base indicator. Remember to:

State a hypothesis or purpose.
State the testing method.
Use the prepared indicator to test four substances known to be acids or bases from either the LabPaq or home materials and record results.
State conclusions in terms of the hypothesis or purpose.

Questions and Conclusions:

Review the substances used in Part 1. Determine whether each substance contains an acid or a base based on the BTB results. Place answers to this question in column 5 of Data Table 1.

Review the formula of each substance used in Part 1 and determine if it is ionic. It is ionic if it contains a metal and a nonmetal. Place answer to this question in column 6 of Data Table 1.

For each ionic species in Data Table 1, write the equation showing the dissociation of the compound in water. Hint: there’s one for each line provided below.

1) NaHCO₃ à Na⁺ + HCO^3-

_________________________________ __________________________________

1) NaHCO₃ à   Na⁺ +   HCO₃^–

_________________________________     __________________________________

_________________________________     __________________________________

_________________________________     __________________________________

_________________________________     __________________________________

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Review the responses to Question 3. The anion that is produced in the dissociation of the compound goes on to react with the water. Identify the anion product in each reaction. Place the formulas for these species into column 7 of Data Table 1. If the substance is not ionic and thus does not dissociate, then list the substance in column 7, just as it appears in column 1.

Write the reaction of each acid or base the substance listed in column 7 with water.

Acids: Bases:

1). HCO₃^–+ H-OH à H₂CO₃ + OH^–

_________________________________ __________________________________

What is produced in each and every reaction of an acid with water?
What is produced in each and every reaction of a base with water?

Review the results in Data Table 2. For each reaction mixture, write the reaction equation describing the acid/base neutralization reaction:

_________________________________ __________________________________

2) 2NaOH + H₂SO₄ à 2H₂O + Na₂SO₄

_________________________________ __________________________________

Define the term “neutralization” and provide an example of a neutralization equation. List the three ways used in this lab to detected neutralization.

Define the term “salt,” and provide an example.

Review Data Table 3. What happened when the two chemicals were mixed? What indicates that conclusion? What reaction took place?

Review Data Table 4. What happened when the solution mixtures on the glass slide were heated? Describe the process that took place.

In Part 4, for HCl + NaOH, what is left on the slide after heating? Provide the formula. What is the common name of this substance?

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